Immunohistochemical investigations of neuropeptides in the brain, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata of an adult lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta (L)

1983 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Salhy ◽  
S. Falkmer ◽  
K. J. Kramer ◽  
R. D. Speirs
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect ◽  
The Brain

Control of Cuticle Extensibility in the Wings of Adult Manduca At the Time of Eclosion: Effects of Eclosion Hormone and Bursicon

1977 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
STUART E. REYNOLDS
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Eclosion Hormone ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pharate Adult

The wings of pharate adult tobacco hornworm moths, Manduca sexta, are relatively inextensible until 3 or 4 h before emergence from the pupal case. At this time the wing cuticle becomes plasticized, so that by the time of eclosion, the wings are readily extensible. This change in the mechanical properties of the wing cuticle is shown to be under the control of a factor from the head. This factor is present in the corpora cardiaca/corpora allata complex, and in the protocerebrum of the brain, being released into the blood prior to eclosion. It is able to act directly on isolated wings. The active principle was found to be indistinguishable in a number of ways from the hormone which triggers emergence from the pupal case, the eclosion hormone. Partial purification of the eclosion hormone failed to separate activity causing eclosion from activity causing wing cuticle plasticization. It is concluded that the same hormone is probably responsible for both effects. The cuticle plasticizing activity of the eclosion hormone forms the basis for a new, highly sensitive bioassay. Another factor, distinct from the eclosion hormone, is able to cause wing cuticle plasticization. This factor is found in the abdominal nerve cord, and is only released into the blood after eclosion has occurred. It is probably identical with the tanning hormone, bursicon, which is released at this time. The factor in the nerve cord which causes cuticle plasticization is indistinguishable from bursicon in a number of ways, including partial purification by gel filtration. Bursicon evidently causes a further increase in wing cuticle extensibility after eclosion, at the time of wing inflation.

Activity of the Corpora Allata during Pupal Diapause in Mimas tiliae (Lepidoptera)

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (46) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
K.C. HIGHNAM
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Histological Observation ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
The Brain

Histological observation indicates that the corpora allata of Mimas tiliae are secretory during pupal diapause, but become inactive by the end of the low-temperature period which terminates diapause. Removal of the corpora allata, together with the corpora cardiaca, from the diapausing pupa increases the thickness of the hypodermis and decreases the number of fat-body inclusions (compared with operated controls), but does not result in any visible signs of diapause break. The oxygen uptake of the pupa increases by about 60% by the end of the low-temperature period, compared with the diapausing pupa. It is probable that the corpora allata play some part in the maintenance of diapause, possibly by exercising some control over the fat-body metabolism. This role is subservient to that of the neurosecretory cells in the brain, together with their associated corpora cardiaca.

scholarly journals Peptidomic Analysis of the Brain and Corpora Cardiaca-Corpora Allata Complex in the Bombyx mori

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Xia Ning ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Wenfeng Chen ◽  
Zhangwu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Transcriptome Database ◽  
Peptidomic Analysis ◽  
Peptide Profiles ◽  
The Brain

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important economic insect for silk production. However, many of the mature peptides relevant to its various life stages remain unknown. Using RP-HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS, and previously identified peptides from B. mori and other insects in the transcriptome database, we created peptide profiles showing a total of 6 ion masses that could be assigned to peptides in eggs, including one previously unidentified peptide. A further 49 peptides were assigned to larval brains. 17 new mature peptides were identified in isolated masses. 39 peptides were found in pupal brains with 8 unidentified peptides. 48 were found in adult brains with 12 unidentified peptides. These new unidentified peptides showed highly significant matches in all MS analysis. These matches were then searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to provide new annotations for these mature peptides. In total, 59 mature peptides in 19 categories were found in the brains of silkworms at the larval, pupal, and adult stages. These results demonstrate that peptidomic variation across different developmental stages can be dramatic. Moreover, the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) complex was examined during the fifth larval instar. A total of 41 ion masses were assigned to peptides.

Antidiuretic effects of a factor in brain/corpora cardiaca/corpora allata extract on fluid reabsorption across the cryptonephric complex of Manduca sexta

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Liao ◽  
N. Audsley ◽  
D.A. Schooley
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Fluid Reabsorption ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Antidiuretic Effect ◽  
Two Factors

Extracts of the brain/corpora cardiaca/corpora allata (Br/CC/CA) complex of Manduca sexta larvae elicit an antidiuretic effect, measured by an increase in fluid reabsorption across the cryptonephric complex of larval M. sexta. Separation of the extract by reversed-phase liquid chromatography gave two fractions with antidiuretic effects. The more potent of these two factors was further characterized for its effects on the cryptonephric complex. Its antidiuretic effect is not inhibited by bumetanide, a drug that inhibits M. sexta diuretic hormone (Mas-DH)-stimulated fluid reabsorption. These data indicate that the mechanism of the antidiuretic effect of the factor is different from that of Mas-DH on the cryptonephric complex. The basal reabsorption of the cryptonephric complex is blocked when treated on the lumen side with bafilomycin A(1), an inhibitor of the H(+)-ATPase, or with amiloride, an inhibitor of the H(+)/K(+) antiporter. However, the antidiuretic-factor-stimulated fluid reabsorption is not affected by either bafilomycin A(1) or amiloride. The increase in reabsorption triggered by the semi-purified factor can be inhibited by Cl(−) channel blockers or by removing Cl(−) from the lumen side of the cryptonephric complex. It appears that this factor activates a Cl(−) pump associated with the cryptonephric complex. Forskolin mimics the effect of this factor on fluid reabsorption, and the effect of forskolin is not inhibited by bumetanide. A selective and potent inhibitor of protein kinase A, H-89, also inhibits antidiuretic-factor-stimulated fluid reabsorption. Addition of the factor to cryptonephric complexes maintained in vitro caused a significant increase in cyclic AMP levels extracted from these tissues compared with values for controls. These data suggest that the antidiuretic effect of the factor in Br/CC/CA extract is mediated by cyclic AMP.

Physiology of Insect Ecdysis

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-829
Author(s):  
JAMES W. TRUMAN
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Eclosion Hormone ◽  
Neural Input ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pupal Cuticle

1. In pharate Manduca sexta moths eclosion hormone activity was present in the brain and corpora cardiaca. Bursicon activity was confined to the abdominal nervous system, and was most concentrated in the abdominal perivisceral organs (PVOs). 2. When newly emerged moths were given access to suitable wing-spreading sites, bursicon activity was depleted from the PVOs and appeared in the blood within 15 min after eclosion. This hormone was responsible for the tanning and hardening of the wings. 3. Bursicon release could be delayed for at least 24 h by forcing the newly emerged moth to dig. Secretion then occurred swiftly upon giving the moth a suitable wing-spreading site. 4. The pupal cuticle was removed from pharate Manduca approximately 7 h before their normal eclosion gate, and the peeled moths were provided with a wing-spreading site. These moths did not then secrete bursicon until after their normal time of eclosion. 5. Injection of the eclosion hormone into pharate moths caused early eclosion followed by precocious bursicon secretion. 6. It was concluded that bursicon release is regulated by both neural and hormonal factors. The eclosion hormone triggers a program of neural output which includes the secretion of bursicon. This release, however, can be delayed by neural input which is associated with the digging behaviour of the moth.

Localization of the Pupal Melanization Reducing Factor of Inachis io (L.) and Comparison with Melanization and Reddish Coloration Hormone

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Starnecker ◽  
P. B. Koch ◽  
S. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Mitsui ◽  
D. Bückmann
Keyword(s):  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Color Adaptation ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Pseudaletia Separata ◽  
Inachis Io ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide ◽  
The Brain

In Inachis io, a pupal melanization reducing factor (PMRF) which controls morphological color adaptation is located in the brain, suboesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and all abdominal ganglia. Higher PMRF amounts were extracted from abdominal ganglia than from the anterior ganglia. No PMRF activity could be found in the Corpora cardiaca-Corpora allata complex, in segmentally branching nerves of abdominal ganglia and their connectives. Extracts from brain-thoracic ganglia and abdominal ganglia complex of I. io contained also a factor with melanization and reddish coloration hormone (MRCH) activity in Pseudaletia separata and with pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) activity in Bom-byx mori. However, injection of synthetic Pseudaletia pheromonotropin (Pss-PT) (= Pss-MRCH) into prepupae of I. io did not yield a melanization reducing effect. Therefore, PMRF and the PBAN/MRCH related neuropeptides seem to be different molecules. The PBAN-like factor from I. io is possibly related to the myotropins and pyrokinins of insects

Control of Moulting and Metamorphosis in the Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca Sexta (L.): Cessation of Juvenile Hormone Secretion as a Trigger for Pupation

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. FREDERIK NIJHOUT ◽  
CARROLL M. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Tobacco Hornworm ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Functional Failure ◽  
Prothoracicotropic Hormone ◽  
The Brain

During the final larval instar of the tobacco hornworm the presence of juvenile hormone (JH) inhibits the secretion of the brain's prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH). The corpora allata cease to secrete JH when the larvae attain a weight of approximately 5 g. The JH is cleared from the haemolymph in about 24 h. This process in itself renders the brain competent to release PTTH. The actual release of PTTH occurs at the very first photo-periodic gate after the JH has disappeared from the haemolymph. A functional failure of this normal mechanism is apparently responsible for the developmental standstill of Lepidoptera which diapause as mature larvae.

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