Localization of the Pupal Melanization Reducing Factor of Inachis io (L.) and Comparison with Melanization and Reddish Coloration Hormone

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Starnecker ◽  
P. B. Koch ◽  
S. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Mitsui ◽  
D. Bückmann
Keyword(s):  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Color Adaptation ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Pseudaletia Separata ◽  
Inachis Io ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide ◽  
The Brain

In Inachis io, a pupal melanization reducing factor (PMRF) which controls morphological color adaptation is located in the brain, suboesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and all abdominal ganglia. Higher PMRF amounts were extracted from abdominal ganglia than from the anterior ganglia. No PMRF activity could be found in the Corpora cardiaca-Corpora allata complex, in segmentally branching nerves of abdominal ganglia and their connectives. Extracts from brain-thoracic ganglia and abdominal ganglia complex of I. io contained also a factor with melanization and reddish coloration hormone (MRCH) activity in Pseudaletia separata and with pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) activity in Bom-byx mori. However, injection of synthetic Pseudaletia pheromonotropin (Pss-PT) (= Pss-MRCH) into prepupae of I. io did not yield a melanization reducing effect. Therefore, PMRF and the PBAN/MRCH related neuropeptides seem to be different molecules. The PBAN-like factor from I. io is possibly related to the myotropins and pyrokinins of insects

Levels of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and dopamine in some tissues of the cockroach Periplaneta americana

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2669-2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Duff Sloley ◽  
Roger G. H. Downer ◽  
Cedric Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Frontal Ganglion ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and dopamine were measured in the frontal ganglion, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, nerves of the suboesophageal ganglion, nerves of the thoracic ganglia, gut, testes, and ovaries of the cockroach Periplaneta americana using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 5-Hydroxytryptamine was demonstrated in the frontal ganglion, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, and nerves of the suboesophageal ganglion but not in the gut, testes, ovaries, or nerves of the thoracic ganglia. These results quantitatively confirm immunohistochemical studies of 5-hydroxytryptamine in neurohaemal and nonneuronal tissues of the cockroach. Dopamine was found in all neurohaemal and nervous tissue examined. Dopamine was also found at low levels in the rectum. Tryptophan was found in all tissues examined.

Hormonal Control of the Malpighian Tubules of the Stick Insect, Carausius Morosus

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANA E. M. PILCHER
Keyword(s):  
Stick Insect ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Carausius Morosus ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Diuretic Hormone ◽  
The Brain

1. Urine secretion by isolated Malpighian tubules of Carausius is accelerated by a diuretic hormone which can be extracted from the brain, corpora cardiaca and suboesophageal ganglion. 2. The level of this hormone in the haemolymph varies according to the state of hydration of the insect. 3. The hormone is inactivated by the tubules, and a mechanism is proposed whereby the tubules might be controlled by the hormone in vivo.

scholarly journals Neuromuscular systems in the fifth instar larva of silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae): I-Cephalothoracic musculature and its innervation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
S. Sivaprasad ◽  
P. Muralimohan
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Neuromuscular Systems ◽  
Frontal Ganglion ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

The cephalo-thoracic musculature of the fifth instar larva of Bombyx mori comprises distinct groups of segmental muscle bands arranged in a stereotyped pattern. It includes dorsal, ventral, tergopleural, tergocoxal, lateral intersegmental, pleurosternal, sternocoxal, pleurocoxal and spiracular muscles. The cephalothoracic segments are innervated by the nerves of brain, suboesophageal ganglion (SG) and three thoracic ganglia (TG1, TG2, TG3).The brain gives nerves for compound eyes, antennae, labrum, frontal ganglion and the integument in the head. The SG, TG1,TG2,and TG3 give out a pair of lateral segmental nerves each, called the dorsal (DN) and ventral (VN) nerves. The DN of SG innervates muscles in the cephalic region, while its VN innervates muscles in the prothorax. The DN of thoracic ganglia innervates muscles in the dorsal, lateral and ventral regions of the hemi-segment while the VN innervates muscles in the ventral region. The innervation pattern indicates the presence of mixed nerves and multiple innervations that facilitate coordinated body movements and locomotion.

Activity of the Corpora Allata during Pupal Diapause in Mimas tiliae (Lepidoptera)

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (46) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
K.C. HIGHNAM
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Histological Observation ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
The Brain

Histological observation indicates that the corpora allata of Mimas tiliae are secretory during pupal diapause, but become inactive by the end of the low-temperature period which terminates diapause. Removal of the corpora allata, together with the corpora cardiaca, from the diapausing pupa increases the thickness of the hypodermis and decreases the number of fat-body inclusions (compared with operated controls), but does not result in any visible signs of diapause break. The oxygen uptake of the pupa increases by about 60% by the end of the low-temperature period, compared with the diapausing pupa. It is probable that the corpora allata play some part in the maintenance of diapause, possibly by exercising some control over the fat-body metabolism. This role is subservient to that of the neurosecretory cells in the brain, together with their associated corpora cardiaca.

scholarly journals Peptidomic Analysis of the Brain and Corpora Cardiaca-Corpora Allata Complex in the Bombyx mori

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Xia Ning ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Wenfeng Chen ◽  
Zhangwu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Transcriptome Database ◽  
Peptidomic Analysis ◽  
Peptide Profiles ◽  
The Brain

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important economic insect for silk production. However, many of the mature peptides relevant to its various life stages remain unknown. Using RP-HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS, and previously identified peptides from B. mori and other insects in the transcriptome database, we created peptide profiles showing a total of 6 ion masses that could be assigned to peptides in eggs, including one previously unidentified peptide. A further 49 peptides were assigned to larval brains. 17 new mature peptides were identified in isolated masses. 39 peptides were found in pupal brains with 8 unidentified peptides. 48 were found in adult brains with 12 unidentified peptides. These new unidentified peptides showed highly significant matches in all MS analysis. These matches were then searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to provide new annotations for these mature peptides. In total, 59 mature peptides in 19 categories were found in the brains of silkworms at the larval, pupal, and adult stages. These results demonstrate that peptidomic variation across different developmental stages can be dramatic. Moreover, the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) complex was examined during the fifth larval instar. A total of 41 ion masses were assigned to peptides.

A guide to the neuroanatomy of locust suboesophageal and thoracic ganglia

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1085) ◽  
pp. 91-123 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
Metathoracic Ganglion ◽  
The Brain

The organization of the thoracic and suboesophageal ganglia in the locust is presented to provide a framework into which details of individual neurons can be inserted as information becomes available. Three species were examined, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker), Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) and Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Reiche and Fairmaire). The basic plan of the ganglia is similar in all three species. Series of selected sections in transverse, horizontal and sagittal planes are illustrated to show the arrangement of the main nerve fibre tracts and areas of neuropil, and these are described briefly. A guide is given to prominent features that assist in the interpretation of sections in each plane. In the simpler mesothoracic and prothoracic ganglia nine longitudinal tracts are present in each half of the neuromere, and six dorsal and four ventral transverse tracts (commissures) link the two halves. Four vertical or oblique tracts are conspicuous, the T-tract, ring tract, C-tract and I-tract. Major roots of each peripheral nerve useful as landmarks are numbered from anterior to posterior. Two regions of fine fibrous neuropil are prominent, the ventral association centre and an area associated with the ring tract, a little above it. In the metathoracic ganglion three abdominal neuromeres are fused posteriorly to the true metathoracic neuromere. All four neuromeres show modification of the basic framework chiefly in the arrangement of the ventral commissures and the degree of development of the ventral association centre. In the suboesophageal ganglion three neuromeres, mandibular, maxillary and labial, are fused together from anterior to posterior. They show increasing modification of the basic plan anteriorly. Additional anterior longitudinal tracts are present, which connect with the brain, the dorsal commissures are much reduced and compressed, particularly in the mandibular neuromere, and the ventral commissures of all three neuromeres differ considerably from those of the thoracic ganglia.

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