<em>Abstract</em>.—Nonpoint source pollution in the form of stormwater runoff is one of the most important emerging threats to ecosystems along the coastal margins of the United States. A wide diversity of potentially toxic chemicals is commonly found in stormwater. These include the various pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other common contaminants that originate from commercial, industrial, residential, and agricultural land-use activities. These chemicals are mobilized from roads, lawns, crops, and other surfaces by rainfall and then transported to aquatic habitats via terrestrial runoff. The ongoing development of coastal watersheds nationwide is increasing the loading of nonpoint source pollutants to rivers, estuaries, and the nearshore marine environment. A central aim of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s national Coastal Storms Program (CSP) is to enhance the resiliency of coastal ecosystems by improving the ability of coastal communities to anticipate and reduce the impacts of contaminated terrestrial runoff. Toxic chemicals in stormwater can adversely impact the health of fish, including threatened and endangered species. Nonpoint source pollution can also degrade the biological integrity of aquatic communities that support productive fish populations. This article examines the effects of stormwater runoff on fish and fisheries. Using case studies drawn from CSP project work in the Pacific Northwest and Southern California pilot regions, we show how degraded water quality can impact the health of fish during critical life history stages (i.e., spawning and rearing) as well as limit the overall effectiveness of fish habitat restoration. We also discuss some of the resources currently available to local communities to reduce the loading of toxics in stormwater, thereby increasing the resilience of aquatic communities. Finally, we identify priority areas for new research to help guide the future conservation and recovery of at-risk fish populations.
A new approach of nonpoint source pollution/stormwater sludge treatment by an integrated thermal plasma system
