A genetic model for the endosperm balance number (EBN) in the wild potato Solanum acaule Bitt. and two related diploid species

AbstractPhytophthora infestans is the causal agent of late blight, the most devastating disease of potato worldwide. The P. infestans genome encodes potentially polymorphic genes that evolve continually to evade the recognition of plant R genes, though it has hundreds of predicted and conserved effector proteins recognised by the plant. The gene Scr74 encodes a predicted 74-amino acid secreted cysteine-rich protein belonging to a highly polymorphic gene family within P. infestans. This study screened the recognition of Scr74 genes in wild potato genotypes from August 2013 to January 2014 in the Plant Breeding Laboratory of Wageningen University, the Netherlands. To identify the recognition of the Scr74 gene, we grew potato genotypes in the green house for PVX assays, detached leaf assays and molecular work. Twenty-seven good-quality sequences of the Scr74 gene variant with a length of 74 amino acids were found and more frequent amino acid variation was detected on the mature protein. Seventeen Scr74 constructs were identified as diversified and two effectors were strongly recognised by wild S. verrucosum genotypes via effectoromics from the PVX assay. A strong plant cell death hypersensitive response (HR) was recorded on wild S. verrucosum and S. tuberosum genotypes from the detached leaf assay. This recognition seems to be a useful indicator for the presence of a resistance gene (s) to the polymorphic effectors of P. infestans (as it has seen on Scr74 gene) in the wild potato genotypes.

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Cytological mechanisms of 2n pollen formation in the wild potato Solanum okadae and pollen-pistil relations with the cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution ◽

10.1007/s10722-007-9254-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 471-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Elsa Lucila Camadro ◽

Sandra Karina Saffarano ◽

Juan Carlos Espinillo ◽

Mateo Castro ◽

Phillip W. Simon

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Wild Potato ◽

2N Pollen ◽

Cultivated Potato ◽

In The Wild ◽

Pollen Formation

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A Test of Taxonomic and Biogeographic Predictivity: Resistance to Potato virus Y in Wild Relatives of the Cultivated Potato

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-02-11-0060 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 101 (9) ◽

pp. 1074-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

X. K. Cai ◽

D. M. Spooner ◽

S. H. Jansky

Keyword(s):

Potato Virus ◽

Potato Virus Y ◽

Endosperm Balance Number ◽

Wild Potato ◽

Wild Potato Species ◽

Potato Species ◽

Cross Compatibility ◽

Taxonomic Research ◽

Level Of Selection ◽

High Elevations

A major justification for taxonomic research is its assumed ability to predict the presence of traits in a group for which the trait has been observed in a representative subset of the group. Similarly, populations in similar environments are expected to be more alike than populations in divergent environments. Consequently, it is logical to assume that taxonomic relationships and biogeographical data have the power to predict the distribution of disease resistance phenotypes among plant species. The objective of this study was to test predictivity in a group of widely distributed wild potato species, based on hypotheses that closely related organisms (taxonomy) or organisms from similar environments (biogeography) share resistance to a simply inherited trait (Potato virus Y [PVY]). We found that wild potato species with an endosperm balance number (EBN) of 1 (a measure of cross compatibility) shared resistances to PVY more than species with different EBN values. However, a large amount of variation was found for resistance to PVY among and within species. We also found that populations from low elevations were more resistant than those from high elevations. Because PVY is vectored by aphids, we speculate that the distribution of aphids may determine the level of selection pressure for PVY resistance.

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Inheritance of plant height and flowering time in the wild potato species, Solanum verrucosum Schlechtd

Genetica ◽

10.1007/bf00122071 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 393-403

Author(s):

M. M. F. Abdalla ◽

J. G. Th. Hermsen

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Plant Height ◽

Wild Potato ◽

Wild Potato Species ◽

Potato Species ◽

In The Wild ◽

Solanum Verrucosum

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Quantifying Tubulin Concentration and Microtubule Number Throughout the Fission Yeast Cell Cycle

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9030086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 86 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Isabelle Loiodice ◽

Marcel Janson ◽

Penny Tavormina ◽

Sebastien Schaub ◽

Divya Bhatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Fission Yeast ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Spindle Pole Body ◽

Model Organism ◽

Spindle Pole ◽

Living Cells ◽

Fluorescent Imaging ◽

Mother And Daughter ◽

In The Wild

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe serves as a good genetic model organism for the molecular dissection of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. However, analysis of the number and distribution of individual MTs throughout the cell cycle, particularly during mitosis, in living cells is still lacking, making quantitative modelling imprecise. We use quantitative fluorescent imaging and analysis to measure the changes in tubulin concentration and MT number and distribution throughout the cell cycle at a single MT resolution in living cells. In the wild-type cell, both mother and daughter spindle pole body (SPB) nucleate a maximum of 23 ± 6 MTs at the onset of mitosis, which decreases to a minimum of 4 ± 1 MTs at spindle break down. Interphase MT bundles, astral MT bundles, and the post anaphase array (PAA) microtubules are composed primarily of 1 ± 1 individual MT along their lengths. We measure the cellular concentration of αβ-tubulin subunits to be ~5 µM throughout the cell cycle, of which one-third is in polymer form during interphase and one-quarter is in polymer form during mitosis. This analysis provides a definitive characterization of αβ-tubulin concentration and MT number and distribution in fission yeast and establishes a foundation for future quantitative comparison of mutants defective in MTs.

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Portrait of a genus: the genetic diversity of Zea

10.1101/2021.04.07.438828 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Chen ◽

Jingyun Luo ◽

Minliang Jin ◽

Ning Yang ◽

Xiangguo Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Genomic Variation ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Indel Polymorphisms ◽

In The Wild ◽

Modern Breeding ◽

Direct Use

Maize is a globally valuable commodity and one of the most extensively studied genetic model organisms. However, we know surprisingly little about the extent and potential utility of the genetic variation found in the wild relatives of maize. Here, we characterize a high-density genomic variation map from ~700 genomes encompassing maize and all wild taxa of the genus Zea, identifying over 65 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 8 million Insertion/Deletion (InDel) polymorphisms, and over one thousand novel inversions. The variation map reveals evidence of selection within taxa displaying novel adaptations such as perenniality and regrowth. We focus in detail on evidence of convergent adaptation in highland teosinte and temperate maize. This study not only indicates the key role of hormone related pathways in highland adaptation and flowering time related pathways in high latitude adaptation, but also identifies significant overlap in the genes underlying adaptations to both environments. To show how this data can identify useful genetic variants, we generated and characterized novel mutant alleles for two flowering time candidate genes. This work provides the most extensive sampling to date of the genetic diversity inherent in the genus Zea, resolving questions on evolution and identifying adaptive variants for direct use in modern breeding.

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