Sex differences in parental directives to young children

A 30-rpm or a 45-rpm rotary pursuit task was given to 72 boys and 72 girls from Grades 1 to 5 of a lower-class and a middle-class school; each S was given 5 125-sec. trials with a 1-min. rest period between trials. Analyses of time-on-target showed a different pattern of results for each school. No significant sex differences were found except through interaction with sex of E. Level of performance was determined primarily by speed of rotation and grade level of S, but there was a lag in performance of Ss from the first two grades of the lower-class school.

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Sex differences in the bone growth of young children

American Journal of Physical Anthropology ◽

10.1002/ajpa.1330120209 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 293-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ruth Otis Sawtell

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Young Children ◽

Bone Growth

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Assessing sex-differences and the effect of timing of vaccination on immunogenicity, reactogenicity and efficacy of vaccines in young children: study protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011680 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. e011680 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Merryn Voysey ◽

Andrew J Pollard ◽

Rafael Perera ◽

Thomas R Fanshawe

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Young Children ◽

Study Protocol ◽

Randomised Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Individual Participant Data ◽

Individual Participant ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Examination of Sex Differences in a Large Sample of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Development

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders ◽

10.1007/s10803-014-2223-6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 697-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Vanessa P. Reinhardt ◽

Amy M. Wetherby ◽

Christopher Schatschneider ◽

Catherine Lord

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Young Children ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Typical Development ◽

Large Sample ◽

Young Children With Autism

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The Reliability of an Isokinetic Knee Muscle Endurance Test in Young Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.15.3.313 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 313-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mark B.A. De Ste Croix ◽

Neil Armstrong ◽

Joanne R. Welsman

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Young Children ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Muscle Endurance ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Intra Class Correlation ◽

Isokinetic Muscle Actions ◽

Knee Muscle ◽

Muscle Actions

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of repeated isokinetic knee extension and flexion in young children and to examine sex differences in 30 untrained subjects (16 boys and 14 girls) aged 12.2 ± 0.3 years. Total work and the percentage decline in average torque and work were recorded during 50 repetitions. Intra-class correlation coefficients indicated a strong positive correlation between test 1 and 2 for all parameters ranging from 0.36–0.95. Coefficient of variation data ranged from ± 0% to ± 5.4%. Repeatability coefficients and limits of agreement indicated that the extensors were more reliable than the flexors for both torque and work. There were no significant sex differences in any of the parameters measured. This study suggests that repeated isokinetic muscle actions of the knee, as a function of muscle endurance, can be reliably assessed in young people.

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