The effect of cadmium on the formation and properties of hydroxyapatite In vitro and its relation to cadmium toxicity in the skeletal system

1995 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Blumenthal ◽  
V. Cosma ◽  
D. Skyler ◽  
J. LeGeros ◽  
M. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Skeletal System

Application of biomaterials to in vitro pluripotent stem cell disease modeling of the skeletal system

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 3482-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana E. Salazar-Noratto ◽  
Frank P. Barry ◽  
Robert E. Guldberg
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
System P ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Disease-specific pluripotent stem cells can be derived through genetic manipulation of embryonic stem cells or by reprogramming somatic cells (induced pluripotent stem cells).

scholarly journals Distribution of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in mice studied by in vitro whole-body autoradiography.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1426-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Watanabe ◽  
H Goto ◽  
M Matsushima ◽  
R Shimono ◽  
T Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Whole Body Autoradiography ◽  
G6pase Activity ◽  
High Radioactivity

The distribution of the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities was demonstrated by in vitro whole-body autoradiography. Relatively high activities were observed in the liver, kidney, and small intestine of mice. However, these organs did not exhibit uniform activity throughout. The activity of the liver was found heterogeneous, but that of the duodenum and jejunum were higher than for those of other parts of the intestine. G6Pase activity was higher in the cortex of the kidney than in the medulla. In addition to these observations, it was also found that the skeletal system had high radioactivity. These results were similar to those from biochemical experiments. This method of in vitro whole-body autoradiography would seem to be of value in studying macroscopic distributions of other enzyme activities in organs as well as in whole-body.

scholarly journals Cadmium toxicity is caused by accumulation of p53 through the down-regulation of Ube2d family genes in vitro and in vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Tokumoto ◽  
Yasuyuki Fujiwara ◽  
Akinori Shimada ◽  
Tatsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Yoshiyuki Seko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Down Regulation

scholarly journals The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Genchi ◽  
Maria Stefania Sinicropi ◽  
Graziantonio Lauria ◽  
Alessia Carocci ◽  
Alessia Catalano
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Epigenetic Changes

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential transition metal that poses a health risk for both humans and animals. It is naturally occurring in the environment as a pollutant that is derived from agricultural and industrial sources. Exposure to cadmium primarily occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food and water and, to a significant extent, through inhalation and cigarette smoking. Cadmium accumulates in plants and animals with a long half-life of about 25–30 years. Epidemiological data suggest that occupational and environmental cadmium exposure may be related to various types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, nasopharynx, pancreas, and kidney cancers. It has been also demonstrated that environmental cadmium may be a risk factor for osteoporosis. The liver and kidneys are extremely sensitive to cadmium’s toxic effects. This may be due to the ability of these tissues to synthesize metallothioneins (MT), which are Cd-inducible proteins that protect the cell by tightly binding the toxic cadmium ions. The oxidative stress induced by this xenobiotic may be one of the mechanisms responsible for several liver and kidney diseases. Mitochondria damage is highly plausible given that these organelles play a crucial role in the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and are known to be among the key intracellular targets for cadmium. When mitochondria become dysfunctional after exposure to Cd, they produce less energy (ATP) and more ROS. Recent studies show that cadmium induces various epigenetic changes in mammalian cells, both in vivo and in vitro, causing pathogenic risks and the development of various types of cancers. The epigenetics present themselves as chemical modifications of DNA and histones that alter the chromatin without changing the sequence of the DNA nucleotide. DNA methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase and histone methyltransferase, and micro RNA are involved in the epigenetic changes. Recently, investigations of the capability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), and river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) to remove cadmium from polluted soil and water have been carried out. Moreover, nanoparticles of TiO2 and Al2O3 have been used to efficiently remove cadmium from wastewater and soil. Finally, microbial fermentation has been studied as a promising method for removing cadmium from food. This review provides an update on the effects of Cd exposure on human health, focusing on the cellular and molecular alterations involved.

Influence of cadmium speciation for the evaluation of in vitro cadmium toxicity on LLC-PK1 cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Barrouillet ◽  
C. Ohayon-Courtès ◽  
I. Dubus ◽  
B. L'Azou ◽  
C. Nguyen Ba
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Cadmium Speciation

Chemical and in vitro study of the potential of 3-(aryl)-2-sulfanylpropenoic acids and their Zn(ii) complexes as protective agents against cadmium toxicity

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (16) ◽  
pp. 3931 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Casas ◽  
E. E. Castellano ◽  
M. D. Couce ◽  
M. García-Vega ◽  
A. Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Protective Agents

scholarly journals A comparative study of the effects of genistein, estradiol and raloxifene on the murine skeletal system.

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Sliwiński ◽  
Joanna Folwarczna ◽  
Barbara Nowińska ◽  
Urszula Cegieła ◽  
Maria Pytlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow Cells

Genistein, a major phytoestrogen of soy, is considered a potential drug for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of genistein, estradiol and raloxifene on the skeletal system in vivo and in vitro. Genistein (5 mg/kg), estradiol (0.1 mg/kg) or raloxifene hydrochloride (5 mg/kg) were administered daily by a stomach tube to mature ovariectomized Wistar rats for 4 weeks. Bone mass, mineral and calcium content, macrometric parameters and mechanical properties were examined. Also the effects of genistein, estradiol and raloxifene (10(-9)-10(-7) M) on the formation of osteoclasts from neonatal mouse bone marrow cells and the activity of osteoblasts isolated from neonatal mouse calvariae were compared. In vivo, estrogen deficiency resulted in the impairment of bone mineralization and bone mechanical properties. Raloxifene but not estradiol or genistein improved bone mineralization. Estradiol fully normalized the bone mechanical properties, whereas genistein augmented the deleterious effect of estrogen-deficiency on bone strength. In vitro, genistein, estradiol and raloxifene inhibited osteoclast formation from mouse bone marrow cells, decreasing the ratio of RANKL mRNA to osteoprotegerin mRNA expression in osteoblasts. Genistein, but not estradiol or raloxifene, decreased the ratio of alkaline phosphatase mRNA to ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 mRNA expression in osteoblasts. This difference may explain the lack of genistein effect on bone mineralization observed in ovariectomized rats in the in vivo study. Concluding, our experiments demonstrated profound differences between the activities of genistein, estradiol and raloxifene towards the osseous tissue in experimental conditions.

Studies on lead and cadmium toxicity in Dianthus carthusianorum calamine ecotype cultivated in vitro

Plant Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Muszyńska ◽  
E. Hanus-Fajerska ◽  
K. Ciarkowska
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Dianthus Carthusianorum

Zinc amelioration of cadmium toxicity on preimplantation mouse zygotes in vitro

Teratology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Yu ◽  
S. T. H. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Mouse Zygotes
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