Application of biomaterials to in vitro pluripotent stem cell disease modeling of the skeletal system

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 3482-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana E. Salazar-Noratto ◽  
Frank P. Barry ◽  
Robert E. Guldberg
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
System P ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Disease-specific pluripotent stem cells can be derived through genetic manipulation of embryonic stem cells or by reprogramming somatic cells (induced pluripotent stem cells).

scholarly journals Identification of Molecular Signatures in Neural Differentiation and Neurological Diseases Using Digital Color-Coded Molecular Barcoding

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Debora Salerno ◽  
Alessandro Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, represent powerful tools for disease modeling and for therapeutic applications. PSCs are particularly useful for the study of development and diseases of the nervous system. However, generating in vitro models that recapitulate the architecture and the full variety of subtypes of cells that make the complexity of our brain remains a challenge. In order to fully exploit the potential of PSCs, advanced methods that facilitate the identification of molecular signatures in neural differentiation and neurological diseases are highly demanded. Here, we review the literature on the development and application of digital color-coded molecular barcoding as a potential tool for standardizing PSC research and applications in neuroscience. We will also describe relevant examples of the use of this technique for the characterization of the heterogeneous composition of the brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme.

scholarly journals Questionnaire for evaluating information, knowledge, and attitudes on donation, storage, and application of induced pluripotent stem cells

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-823
Author(s):  
Sanja Rascanin ◽  
Mirjana Jovanovic ◽  
Dejan Stevanovic ◽  
Nemanja Rancic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The discovery of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) opened the possibilities for reprogramming adult somatic cells back to a pluripotent state in vitro by inducing a forced expression of specific transcription factors. Thus, iPSCs might have potential application in regenerative medicine, transplantation, avoidance of tissue rejection, disease modeling, and drug testing. Because of apparent ethical issues connected with donation and derivation of biomaterials, iPSCs are considered as a research alternative to ethically highly disputed Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs). Objective: The aim of this paper was to describe the development of a questionnaire for evaluating information, knowledge, and attitudes on donation, storage, and application of iPSCs (i.e., the QIPSC). We performed a prospective qualitative study based on the development, validation and reliability testing of the QIPSC. The study included 122 respondents and the final version of the QIPSC with 34 items. The reliability analysis for part of information and knowledge of respondents according to iPSCs was then performed with the questions included in this two-component model and obtained a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.783 and 0.870, respectively. It has been shown that the range of correct answers to questions in part of knowledge of respondents according to iPSCs was from 17.2-63.1%. The results of our study show that the QIPSC was a unique, reliable, and valid questionnaire for assessing the level of information, knowledge, and attitudes on donation, storage, and application of iPSCs.

Mini Review; Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Oocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaifang Wang ◽  
Maryam Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Oocyte ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is one of the main diseases causing female infertility that occurs in about 1% of women between 30-40 years of age. There are few effective methods for the treatment of women with POI. In the past few years, stem cell-based therapy as one of the most highly investigated new therapies has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of POI. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into any type of cell. Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) as a type of pluripotent stem cells are the most powerful candidate for the treatment of POI. Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) are derived from adult somatic cells by the treatment with exogenous defined factors to create an embryonic-like pluripotent state. Both hiPSCs and hESCs can proliferate and give rise to ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal, and germ cell lineages. After ovarian stimulation, the number of available oocytes is limited and the yield of total oocytes with high quality is low. Therefore, a robust and reproducible in-vitro culture system that supports the differentiation of human oocytes from PSCs is necessary. Very few studies have focused on the derivation of oocyte-like cells from hiPSCs and the details of hPSCs differentiation into oocytes have not been fully investigated. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the differentiation potential of hPSCs into human oocyte-like cells.

scholarly journals The Promise of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Dental Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thekkeparambil Chandrabose Srijaya ◽  
Padmaja Jayaprasad Pradeep ◽  
Rosnah Binti Zain ◽  
Sabri Musa ◽  
Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Dental Research ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Disease Specific

Induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for treating genetic disorders has become an interesting field of research in recent years. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the applicability of induced pluripotent stem cells in dental research. Recent advances in the use of induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential for developing disease-specific iPSC linesin vitrofrom patients. Indeed, this has provided a perfect cell source for disease modeling and a better understanding of genetic aberrations, pathogenicity, and drug screening. In this paper, we will summarize the recent progress of the disease-specific iPSC development for various human diseases and try to evaluate the possibility of application of iPS technology in dentistry, including its capacity for reprogramming some genetic orodental diseases. In addition to the easy availability and suitability of dental stem cells, the approach of generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells will undoubtedly benefit patients suffering from orodental disorders.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Antibody Discovery Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Conservation of Oncofetal Targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Liang Tan ◽  
Andre Choo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Oncofetal Antigens ◽  
Antibody Discovery ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
New Biomarkers

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) comprise both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The application of pluripotent stem cells is divided into four main areas, namely: (i) regenerative therapy, (ii) the study and understanding of developmental biology, (iii) drug screening and toxicology and (iv) disease modeling. In this review, we describe a new opportunity for PSCs, the discovery of new biomarkers and generating antibodies against these biomarkers. PSCs are good sources of immunogen for raising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) because of the conservation of oncofetal antigens between PSCs and cancer cells. Hence mAbs generated using PSCs can potentially be applied in two different fields. First, these mAbs can be used in regenerative cell therapy to characterize the PSCs. In addition, the mAbs can be used to separate or eliminate contaminating or residual undifferentiated PSCs from the differentiated cell product. This step is critical as undifferentiated PSCs can form teratomas in vivo. The mAbs generated against PSCs can also be used in the field of oncology. Here, novel targets can be identified and the mAbs developed as targeted therapy to kill the cancer cells. Conversely, as new and novel oncofetal biomarkers are discovered on PSCs, cancer mAbs that are already approved by the FDA can be repurposed for regenerative medicine, thus expediting the route to the clinics.

scholarly journals Generation of star-shaped human induced astrocytes with a mature inflammatory phenotype for CNS disease modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Voulgaris ◽  
Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou ◽  
Anna Herland
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Cns Disease ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Prolonged Differentiation

Generating astrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells has been hampered by either prolonged differentiation -spanning over two months -or by shorter protocols that generate immature astrocytes, devoid of salient inflammation-associated astrocytic traits pivotal for CNS neuropathological modeling. We directed human neural stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells to astrocytic commitment and maturity by orchestrating an astrocytic-tuned culturing environment. In under 28 days, the generated cells express canonical and mature astrocytic markers, denoted by the expression of AQP4 and, remarkably, the expression and functionality of glutamate transporter EAAT2. We also show that this protocol generates astrocytes that encompass traits critical in CNS disease modeling, such as glutathione synthesis and secretion, upregulation of ICAM-1 and a cytokine secretion profile which is on par with primary astrocytes. This protocol generates a multifaceted astrocytic model suitable for CNS in vitro disease modeling and personalized medicine through brain-on-chip technologies.

MicroRNAs: Crucial Players in the Differentiation of Human Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells into Functional Hepatocyte-Like Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Liying Wu ◽  
Guojia Yuan ◽  
Xiaolu Liang ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
The Body

: Hepatic disease negatively impacts liver function and metabolism. Primary human hepatocytes are the gold standard for the prediction and successful treatment of liver disease. However, the sources of hepatocytes for drug toxicity testing and disease modeling are limited. To overcome this issue, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have emerged as an alternative strategy for liver disease therapy. Human PSCs, including embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can self-renew and give rise to all cells of the body. Human PSCs are attractive cell sources for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, drug discovery, and developmental studies. Several recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also differentiate (or trans-differentiate) into hepatocytes. Differentiation of human PSCs and MSCs into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) opens new strategies to study genetic diseases, hepatotoxicity, infection of hepatotropic viruses, and analyze hepatic biology. Numerous in vitro and in vivo differentiation protocols have been established to obtain human PSCs/MSCs-derived HLCs and mimic their characteristics. It was recently discovered that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in controlling the ectopic expression of transcription factors and governing the hepatocyte differentiation of human PSCs and MSCs. In this review, we focused on the role of miRNAs in the differentiation of human PSCs and MSCs into hepatocytes.

Cyclosporin A promotes invasion and migration of extravillous trophoblast cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and human embryonic stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxing Wang ◽  
Ping Long ◽  
Shengnan Tian ◽  
Weihua Zu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblast ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Abstract Background Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells play an essential role in the maternal-fetal interaction. Although abnormal development and function of EVT cells, including impaired migration and invasion capability, are believed to be etiologically linked to severe pregnancy disorders including pre-eclampsia (PE), the associated molecular mechanisms are not clear ascribed to the lack of an appropriate cell model in vitro. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a macrolide immunosuppressant and is also used in clinic to improve pregnancy outcomes. However, whether CsA has any effects on the function of EVT cells has not been well investigated. Methods In this study, we induced differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into EVT cells (hiPSC-EVT and hESC-EVT cells, respectively) by Y27632, NRG1, A83-01 and matrigel, and collected these derived EVT cells by flow cytometry for sorting cells positive for double HLA-G and KRT7, which are EVT markers. We then investigated the effects of CsA on the invasion and migration of these derived EVT cells. Results We found that the hiPSC-EVT and hESC-EVT cells expressed high levels of the EVT markers such as KRT7, ITGA5 and HLA-G but low levels of OCT4, a stem cell marker, and that CsA significantly promoted the invasion and migration of hiPSC-EVT and hESC-EVT cells. Conclusions We successfully generated hiPSC/hESC-derived human EVT cells, which may be applicable for investigating the remodeling process of spiral arteries remodeling and the possible mechanisms of EVT-related diseases in vitro. Furthermore, our findings provide direct evidence that CsA regulates the function of EVT cells and molecular basis by which CsA may be used to treat pregnancy complications in clinic associated with deficient EVT function.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Progenitors and Organoids as a Prerequisite to Model Pancreatic Diseases and Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Hohwieler ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Frappart ◽  
Sandra Heller
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Pancreatic Progenitors

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are characterized by their unique capacity to stepwise differentiate towards any particular cell type in an adult organism. Pluripotent stem cells provide a beneficial platform to model hereditary diseases and even cancer development. While the incidence of pancreatic diseases such as diabetes and pancreatitis is increasing, the understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of particular diseases remains limited. Only a few recent publications have contributed to the characterization of human pancreatic development in the fetal stage. Hence, most knowledge of pancreatic specification is based on murine embryology. Optimizing and understanding current in vitro protocols for pancreatic differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs constitutes a prerequisite to generate functional pancreatic cells for better disease modeling and drug discovery. Moreover, human pancreatic organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells, organ-restricted stem cells, and tumor samples provide a powerful technology to model carcinogenesis and hereditary diseases independent of genetically engineered mouse models. Herein, we summarize recent advances in directed differentiation of pancreatic organoids comprising endocrine cell types. Beyond that, we illustrate up-and-coming applications for organoid-based platforms.

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