Liquid-liquid extraction of Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions using PPG 425 – NaCl – H2O system

Today, metal extraction from e-waste is beneficial from both an environmental and economic point of view. Natural resources of metals, especially platinum group metals, are limited. At the same time, the amount of waste containing many valuable elements continues to grow. In this work, we studied the extraction of Pt (IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions using polypropylene glycol 425 (PPG 425). In the course of the experimental work, the dependence of the platinum extraction degree on the influence of hydrochloric acid concentration and medium pH in the polypropylene glycol 425 - sodium chloride - water system have been established. The maximum recovery (distribution coefficient > 3,5) has been achieved in the presence of 2 M HCl in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), which allows the use of the proposed system for the extraction of platinum from leaching solutions.

Corrosion protection of mild steel in Hydrochloric acid solutions using expired Hydrocortisone sodium succinate drug

The erosion hindrance of carbon steel in 1M HCl in nearness and nonappearance of terminated Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate has been examined utilizing mass-loss. Comes about gotten appeared that the restraint productivity expanded with the increment of the concentration of the utilized medicate and diminished with the increment of temperature. The adsorption of this sedate on carbon steel surface takes after Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. A few thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The motor parameters of erosion of carbon steel in HCl arrangement have been examined. Keywords: Corrosion inhibition; Carbon steel; Hydrocortisone

Recovery of cobalt and molybdenum from consumed catalyst using hydrochloric acid

Cobalt and molybdenum are valuable metals whose presence in nature is very limited. The consumed catalyst, which is abundantly available in the petroleum refinery industry, is a potential source of those metals. A hydrometallurgical process using acid as a leaching agent is usually used to extract and separate the metals more effectively. This method is considered capable of yielding recovery of a higher percentage of metal. In this study, hydrochloric acid solutions at various concentrations of 1.0, 1.5 and 2 M were used. The consumed catalyst was obtained from Pertamina Refinery Unit IV, Cilacap, Indonesia. Leaching experiment was carried out for 300 minutes and sampling was undertaken at 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 90 and 300 minutes. The particle size and agitation speed were fixed at 200 mesh and 400 rpm. Samples of consumed catalyst were analyzed using EDXRF before the leaching process. Samples of solution were analyzed using ICP-EOS. Experimental results have shown that the recovery of cobalt and molybdenum increases with the increase of either concentration of hydrochloric acid or temperature. The highest recoveries in cobalt and molybdenum were 34.66% and 5.03%, respectively, obtained at a concentration of hydrochloric acid of 2 M and temperature 60°C.

Performance of sodium lignosulfonate as thickening additive in compositions for matrix acidizing of bottom hole zone

The work considers one of the promising directions for optimizing matrix acidizing using sodium lignosulfonate as a thickening agent. The mechanism of the interaction of acid solutions containing lignosulfonate with carbonate reservoirs is described. The use of sodium lignosulfonate in acid solutions solves several problems. Slowing the reaction rate allows the acid solution penetrate deeper into the formation, with maintaining the HCl concentration. The increased viscosity of the compositions increases the sweep efficiency of the bottomhole zone in the process of matrix acidizing. These two aspects increase the efficiency of matrix acidizing and the permeability of the bottomhole zone. In the course of this work, the chemical reaction rate of sodium lignosulfonate and hydrochloric acid solutions with carbonate core samples were evaluated. Sodium lignosulfonate in an acid solution reduces the dissolution rate of carbonate samples. It is assumed that slowing down the reaction rate allows the acid solution to form long high permeability channels which increases the efficiency of acidizing.

Corrosion Behavior of Cr19Fe22Co21Ni25Mo13 Alloy in 1M Nitric Acid and 1M Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

The present work studied the microstructures of Cr19Fe22Co21Ni25Mo13 alloy, and tested the polarization properties in deaerated 1M nitric acid and 1M hydrochloric solutions at different temperatures. The alloy was processed by an argon atmosphere arc-melting. Results indicated that the microstructure of Cr19Fe22Co21Ni25Mo13 alloy was a dendritic one. The dendrites of Cr19Fe22Co21Ni25Mo13 alloy were an FCC structure, and the interdendrites of Cr19Fe22Co21Ni25Mo13 alloy were a eutectic structure with two phases of FCC and simple cubic (SC). The Cr19Fe22Co21Ni25Mo13 alloy had better corrosion resistance compared with commercial 304 stainless steel in both deaerated 1M HNO3 and 1M HCl solutions. The corrosion types of Cr19Fe22Co21Ni25Mo13 alloy in both of 1M HNO3 and 1M HCl solutions were uniform corrosion.

Corrosion Properties of Cr27Fe24Co18Ni26Nb5 Alloy in 1 N Sulfuric Acid and 1 N Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

The composition of the Cr27Fe24Co18Ni26Nb5 high-entropy alloy was selected from the FCC phase in a CrFeCoNiNb alloy. The alloy was melted in an argon atmosphere arc-furnace, followed by annealing in an air furnace. The dendrites of the alloy were in the FCC phase, and the eutectic interdendrites of the alloy comprised HCP and FCC phases. The microstructures and hardness of this alloy were examined; the results indicated that this alloy was very stable. This microstructure and hardness of the alloy almost remained the same after annealing at 1000 °C for 24 h. The polarization behaviors of Cr27Fe24Co18Ni26Nb5 alloy in 1 N sulfuric acid and 1 N hydrochloric acid solutions were measured. Both the corrosion potential and the corrosion current density of the Cr27Fe24Co18Ni26Nb5 alloy increased with increasing test temperatures. The activation energies of the Cr27Fe24Co18Ni26Nb5 alloy in these two solutions were also calculated.

Corrosion mitigation of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution using grape seed extract

Plant extracts have gained a lot of attention due to their ecofriendly nature for corrosion inhibition. In this study, we examined the inhibition performance of grape seed extract as an eco-environmental inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical noise techniques were employed to study mild steel's electrochemical behavior in the hydrochloric acid solutions containing grape seed extract. Results depicted that grape seed extract could successfully inhibit the corrosion of mild steel. Besides, water droplet contact angle, field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were utilized to study the surface of mild steel specimens after dipping in acidic solutions. Electrochemical impedance results showed a corrosion efficiency of about 88% in 300 ppm of grape seed extract. Also, results revealed more compact corrosion products with improved integrity in the presence of grape seed, which confirmed electrochemical test results.