Monitoring carbon steel corrosion rates in refinery recirculating water

Abstract Models for predicting top-of-line corrosion (TLC) rates on carbon steels are important tools for cost-effectively designing and operating natural gas transportation pipelines. The work presented in this paper is aimed to investigate how the corrosion rates on carbon steel is affected by acids typically present in the transported pipeline fluids. This investigation may contribute to the development of improved models. In a series of experiments, the corrosion rate differences for pure CO2 (carbonic acid) corrosion and pure organic acid corrosion (acetic acid and formic acid) on X65 carbon steel were investigated at starting pH values; 4.5, 5.3, or 6.3. The experiments were conducted in deaerated low-salinity aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 65 °C. The corrosion rates were evaluated from linear polarization resistance data as well as mass loss and released iron concentration. A correlation between lower pH values and increased corrosion rates was found for the organic acid experiments. However, the pH was not the most critical factor for the rates of carbon steel corrosion in these experiments. The experimental results showed that the type of acid species involved and the concentration of the undissociated acid in the solution influenced the corrosion rates considerably.

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Bulk phase resource ratio alters carbon steel corrosion rates and endogenously produced extracellular electron transfer mediators in a sulfate-reducing biofilm

Biofouling ◽

10.1080/08927014.2019.1646731 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 669-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gregory P. Krantz ◽

Kilean Lucas ◽

Erica L.- Wunderlich ◽

Linh T. Hoang ◽

Recep Avci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Steel Corrosion ◽

Bulk Phase ◽

Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽

Sulfate Reducing ◽

Corrosion Rates

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Locating and Quantifying Carbon Steel Corrosion Rates Linked to Fungal B20 Biodiesel Degradation

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01177-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James G. Floyd ◽

Blake W. Stamps ◽

Wendy J. Goodson ◽

Bradley S. Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Steel Corrosion ◽

The United States ◽

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Corrosion Rates ◽

Biodiesel Fuels

Fungi that degrade B20 biodiesel in storage tanks have also been linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A member of the filamentous fungal genus Byssochlamys , and a yeast from the genus Wickerhamomyces were isolated from heavily contaminated B20 storage tanks from multiple Air Force bases. Although these taxa were linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion in situ , precise measurement of their corrosion rates and pitting severity on carbon steel was not available. In the experiments described here, we directly link fungal growth on B20 biodiesel to higher corrosion rates and pitting corrosion of carbon steel under controlled conditions. When these fungi were growing solely on B20 biodiesel for carbon and energy, consumption of FAME and n-alkanes was observed. The corrosion rates for both fungi were highest at the interface between the B20 biodiesel and the aqueous medium, where they acidified the medium and produced deeper pits than abiotic controls. Byssochlamys produced the most corrosion of carbon steel and produced the greatest pitting damage. This study characterizes and quantifies the corrosion of carbon steel by fungi that are common in fouled B20 biodiesel through their metabolism of the fuel, providing valuable insight for assessing MIC associated with storage and dispensing B20 biodiesel. IMPORTANCE Biodiesel is widely used across the United States and worldwide, blended with ultralow sulfur diesel in various concentrations. In this study we were able to demonstrate that the filamentous fungi Byssochlamys AF004 and the yeast Wickerhamomyces SE3 were able to degrade fatty acid methyl esters and alkanes in biodiesel causing increases in acidity. Both fungi also accelerated the corrosion of carbon steel, especially at the interface of the fuel and water, where their biofilms were located. This research provides controlled, quantified measurements and the localization of microbiologically influenced corrosion caused by common fungal contaminants in biodiesel fuels.

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Locating and Quantifying Carbon Steel Corrosion Rates Linked to Fungal B20 Biodiesel Degradation

10.1101/2021.06.29.450458 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James G Floyd ◽

Blake W Stamps ◽

Wendy J Crookes-Goodson ◽

Bradley Scott Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Air Force ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Steel Corrosion ◽

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Corrosion Rates ◽

Abiotic Controls

Fungi that degrade B20 biodiesel in storage tanks have also been linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A member of the filamentous fungal genus Byssochlamys, and a yeast from the genus Wickerhamomyces were isolated from heavily contaminated B20 storage tanks from multiple Air Force bases. Although these taxa were linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion in situ, precise measurement of their corrosion rates and pitting severity on carbon steel was not available. In the experiments described here, we directly link fungal growth on B20 biodiesel to higher corrosion rates and pitting corrosion of carbon steel under controlled conditions. When these fungi were growing solely on B20 biodiesel for carbon and energy, consumption of FAME and n-alkanes was observed. The corrosion rates for both fungi were highest at the interface between the B20 biodiesel and the aqueous medium, where they acidified the medium and produced deeper pits than abiotic controls. Byssochlamys produced the most corrosion of carbon steel and produced the greatest pitting damage. This study characterizes and quantifies the corrosion of carbon steel by fungi that are common in fouled B20 biodiesel through their metabolism of the fuel, providing valuable insight for assessing MIC associated with storage and dispensing B20 biodiesel.

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