scholarly journals Locating and Quantifying Carbon Steel Corrosion Rates Linked to Fungal B20 Biodiesel Degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Floyd ◽  
Blake W. Stamps ◽  
Wendy J. Goodson ◽  
Bradley S. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Fungi that degrade B20 biodiesel in storage tanks have also been linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A member of the filamentous fungal genus Byssochlamys , and a yeast from the genus Wickerhamomyces were isolated from heavily contaminated B20 storage tanks from multiple Air Force bases. Although these taxa were linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion in situ , precise measurement of their corrosion rates and pitting severity on carbon steel was not available. In the experiments described here, we directly link fungal growth on B20 biodiesel to higher corrosion rates and pitting corrosion of carbon steel under controlled conditions. When these fungi were growing solely on B20 biodiesel for carbon and energy, consumption of FAME and n-alkanes was observed. The corrosion rates for both fungi were highest at the interface between the B20 biodiesel and the aqueous medium, where they acidified the medium and produced deeper pits than abiotic controls. Byssochlamys produced the most corrosion of carbon steel and produced the greatest pitting damage. This study characterizes and quantifies the corrosion of carbon steel by fungi that are common in fouled B20 biodiesel through their metabolism of the fuel, providing valuable insight for assessing MIC associated with storage and dispensing B20 biodiesel. IMPORTANCE Biodiesel is widely used across the United States and worldwide, blended with ultralow sulfur diesel in various concentrations. In this study we were able to demonstrate that the filamentous fungi Byssochlamys AF004 and the yeast Wickerhamomyces SE3 were able to degrade fatty acid methyl esters and alkanes in biodiesel causing increases in acidity. Both fungi also accelerated the corrosion of carbon steel, especially at the interface of the fuel and water, where their biofilms were located. This research provides controlled, quantified measurements and the localization of microbiologically influenced corrosion caused by common fungal contaminants in biodiesel fuels.

scholarly journals Locating and Quantifying Carbon Steel Corrosion Rates Linked to Fungal B20 Biodiesel Degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G Floyd ◽  
Blake W Stamps ◽  
Wendy J Crookes-Goodson ◽  
Bradley Scott Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Abiotic Controls

Fungi that degrade B20 biodiesel in storage tanks have also been linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A member of the filamentous fungal genus Byssochlamys, and a yeast from the genus Wickerhamomyces were isolated from heavily contaminated B20 storage tanks from multiple Air Force bases. Although these taxa were linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion in situ, precise measurement of their corrosion rates and pitting severity on carbon steel was not available. In the experiments described here, we directly link fungal growth on B20 biodiesel to higher corrosion rates and pitting corrosion of carbon steel under controlled conditions. When these fungi were growing solely on B20 biodiesel for carbon and energy, consumption of FAME and n-alkanes was observed. The corrosion rates for both fungi were highest at the interface between the B20 biodiesel and the aqueous medium, where they acidified the medium and produced deeper pits than abiotic controls. Byssochlamys produced the most corrosion of carbon steel and produced the greatest pitting damage. This study characterizes and quantifies the corrosion of carbon steel by fungi that are common in fouled B20 biodiesel through their metabolism of the fuel, providing valuable insight for assessing MIC associated with storage and dispensing B20 biodiesel.

scholarly journals The effect of volatile organic acids and CO2 on the corrosion rate of carbon steel from a Top-of-Line-Corrosion (TLC) perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 012079
Author(s):  
S B Gjertsen ◽  
A Palencsar ◽  
M Seiersten ◽  
T H Hemmingsen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Abstract Models for predicting top-of-line corrosion (TLC) rates on carbon steels are important tools for cost-effectively designing and operating natural gas transportation pipelines. The work presented in this paper is aimed to investigate how the corrosion rates on carbon steel is affected by acids typically present in the transported pipeline fluids. This investigation may contribute to the development of improved models. In a series of experiments, the corrosion rate differences for pure CO2 (carbonic acid) corrosion and pure organic acid corrosion (acetic acid and formic acid) on X65 carbon steel were investigated at starting pH values; 4.5, 5.3, or 6.3. The experiments were conducted in deaerated low-salinity aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 65 °C. The corrosion rates were evaluated from linear polarization resistance data as well as mass loss and released iron concentration. A correlation between lower pH values and increased corrosion rates was found for the organic acid experiments. However, the pH was not the most critical factor for the rates of carbon steel corrosion in these experiments. The experimental results showed that the type of acid species involved and the concentration of the undissociated acid in the solution influenced the corrosion rates considerably.

scholarly journals Linking Fungal and Bacterial Proliferation to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in B20 Biodiesel Storage Tanks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake W. Stamps ◽  
Caitlin L. Bojanowski ◽  
Carrie A. Drake ◽  
Heather S. Nunn ◽  
Pamela F. Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Microbial Proliferation ◽  
Low Sulfur

ABSTRACTBiodiesel is a renewable substitute, or extender, for petroleum diesel that is composed of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) derived from plant and animal fats. Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) blended with up to 20% FAME can be used interchangeably with ULSD, is compatible with existing infrastructure, but is also more susceptible to biodegradation. Microbial proliferation and fuel degradation in biodiesel blends has not been directly linked in situ to microbiologically influenced corrosion. We, therefore, conducted a yearlong study of B20 storage tanks in operation at two locations, identified the microorganisms responsible for observed fuel fouling and degradation, and measured in situ corrosion. The bacterial populations were more diverse than the fungal populations, and largely unique to each location. The bacterial populations included members of the Acetobacteraceae, Clostridiaceae, and Proteobacteria. The abundant Eukaryotes at both locations consisted of the same taxa, including a filamentous fungus within the family Trichocomaceae, and the Saccharomycetaceae family of yeasts. Increases in the absolute and relative abundances of the Trichocomaceae were correlated with significant, visible fouling and pitting corrosion. This study identified the relationship between recurrent fouling of B20 with increased rates of corrosion, largely at the bottom of the sampled storage tanks.

scholarly journals Bulk phase resource ratio alters carbon steel corrosion rates and endogenously produced extracellular electron transfer mediators in a sulfate-reducing biofilm

Biofouling ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Krantz ◽  
Kilean Lucas ◽  
Erica L.- Wunderlich ◽  
Linh T. Hoang ◽  
Recep Avci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Bulk Phase ◽  
Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Corrosion Rates

scholarly journals Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel Exposed to Biodiesel

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Malarvizhi ◽  
Shyamala R. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Conducive Environment

Environmental concerns over worsening air pollution problems caused by emissions from vehicles and depletion of fossil fuels have forced us to seek fuels such as biodiesel which can supplement petrofuels. Biodiesels have the ability to retain water and provide a conducive environment for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) which may cause difficulties during transportation, storage, and their use. This paper analyses the influence of bacteria on the corrosivity of biodiesel obtained from Jatropha curcas on carbon steel using mass loss method. Carbon steel showed the highest corrosion rates in B100 (100% biodiesel) both in the presence and in absence of bacteria. The surface analysis of the metal was carried out using SEM.

Monitoring carbon steel corrosion rates in refinery recirculating water

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Kotlov ◽  
V. V. Burlov ◽  
S. G. Polyakov ◽  
B. M. Teslya ◽  
A. A. Yurutkin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Preliminary Investigation of Utilization of a Cellulose-Based Polymer in Enhanced Oil Recovery by Oilfield Anaerobic Microbes and its Impact on Carbon Steel Corrosion

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3476 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 766-772
Author(s):  
Dongqing Yang ◽  
Ru Jia ◽  
Hasrizal Bin Abd Rahman ◽  
Tingyue Gu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Polymer Biodegradation

Water injection increases reservoir pressure in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Among other oilfield performance chemicals, an EOR polymer is added to the injection water to provide the viscosity necessary for effective displacement of viscous crude oil from the reservoir formation. However, these organic macromolecules may be degraded by microbes downhole, causing undesirable viscosity loss. The organic carbon utilization by the microbes promotes microbial metabolism, thus potentially exacerbating microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). In this preliminary laboratory investigation, 3,000 ppm (w/w) carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCS), a commonly used EOR polymer, was found to be utilized by an oilfield biofilm consortium. This oilfield biofilm consortium consisted of bacteria (including that can degrade large organic molecules), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and other microorganisms. A 30-day incubation in 125 mL anaerobic vials was conducted with an artificial seawater medium without yeast extract and lactate supplements at 37°C. The polymer biodegradation led to 16% viscosity loss in the broth and a 30× higher SRB sessile cell count. Slightly increased MIC weight loss and pitting corrosion were observed on C1018 carbon steel coupons. Thus, the use of CMCS in EOR should take into the consideration of microbial degradation and its impact on MIC.

Studies on the Fungal Pathogen of Dutch Elm Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
R. Zerillo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Plate

The fungal pathogen of the Dutch elm disease (DED), Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, has eluded effective control since its introduction in the United States more than sixty years ago. Our studies on DED include establishing biological control agents against C. ulmi. In this report we describe the inhibitory action of the antibiotic polymyxin B on the causal agent of DED.In screening a number of antibiotics against C. ulmi, we observed that filter paper discs containing 300 units (U) of polymyxin B (Difco Laboratories) per disc, produced zones of inhibition to the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar or Sabouraud agar plates (100mm x 15mm), Fig. 1a. Total inhibition of fungal growth on a plate occurred when agar overlays containing fungus and antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) were poured on the underlying agar growth medium. The agar overlays consisted of the following: 4.5 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus (control plate); 4.0 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus, 0.5 ml of polymyxin B sulfate (77,700 U). Fig. 1, b and c, compares a control plate and polymyxin plate after seven days.

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