Functional changes in the central nervous system in tetanus and the mode of action of the tetanus toxin

1960 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Kryzhanovskii
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

SITE AND MODE OF ACTION OF CLONIDINE IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (S602) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Ilari Paakkari ◽  
Heikki Karppanen ◽  
Pirkko Paakkari
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The Mode of Action of the Corpus Cardiacum on the Hind Gut in Periplaneta Americana

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
K. G. DAVEY
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hind Gut

1. Addition of a homogenate of corpora cardiaca to the fluid bathing an isolated hind gut of Periplaneta produces an increase in tonus, amplitude, frequency and co-ordination of contractions. 2. The corpus cardiacum acts by stimulating cells in the upper colon to release an indolalkylamine. 3. This amine acts on the mucles through a peripheral nervous system which can function in isolation from the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Effect of Barbiturates on Synaptic Currents

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Torda ◽  
P. W. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Synaptic Currents ◽  
End Plate ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Central Synapses

Thiopentone and pentobarbitone reduce the time constant of decay of miniature end-plate currents when applied in anaesthetic concentrations to the neuromuscular junction. Such an effect at central synapses would lead to failure of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and may reflect a common mode of action of many anaesthetic drugs.

Routes of entrance of tetanus toxin into the central nervous system and certain questions in the pathogenesis of experimental tetanus

1962 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Kryzhanovskii ◽  
L. A. Pevnitskii ◽  
V. N. Grafova ◽  
A. A. Polgar
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Experimental Tetanus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Retrograde axonal transport of an exogenous enzyme covalently linked to B-IIb fragment of tetanus toxin

1990 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Beaude ◽  
A Delacour ◽  
B Bizzini ◽  
D Domuado ◽  
M H Remy
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Retrograde Axonal Transport ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Attempt to replace enzymes in a number of fatal lysosomal storage disease involving the central nervous system have as yet been unsuccessful owing to the impermeability of the blood/brain barrier to macromolecules. In order to treat storage disease due to enzyme deficiencies, we investigated the feasibility of transporting an enzyme into the central nervous system without crossing the blood/brain barrier. Using the B-IIb fragment of tetanus toxin (because it is involved in recognition by the nerve-cell endings), retrograde axonal transport toward the spinal cord and trans-synaptic movement, and glucose oxidase as a marker, we demonstrated that a non-toxic enzyme-vector conjugate was taken up by axon terminals. After injection into the gastrocnemius muscle, the B-IIb-glucose oxidase conjugate was detected, both histologically and electrochemically, distally to a ligature on the sciatic nerve. Thus the B-IIb fragment could serve as a vector for glucose oxidase transport into the central nervous system. It was also verified that the transported enzyme retained its activity. Transport of this 150 kDa molecule by fragment B-IIb of tetanus toxin suggests that other enzymes of a lesser molecular mass may also be transported.

Further Evidence relating to the Mode of Action of Nicotine in the Central Nervous System

Nature ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 214 (5092) ◽  
pp. 977-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. ARMITAGE ◽  
G. H. HALL
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Mutual correlation of excited potentials of the brainwith the level of special physical training of football-players

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
L. V. Kapilevich ◽  
Ye. V. Zamoulina
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
First Year ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Decreased amplitude and increased latency of visual and cognitive excited potentials were revealed in football-players in the stage of prima ry special sports training in the first year of their training process. In the second training year, this amplitude is increased and latency is decreased. Forming special physical preparing of the football-players in the stage of primary sports specialization is mutually correlated with functional changes in the central nervous system which manifested in decreased latent period and increased amplitude of excited potentials of the brain.

Investigation of coherent relationships of EEG in the structures of the visual analyzer of rabbits before and after experimental epilepsy, creat-ed by the sodium salt of penicillin

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Aliyev A. H. ◽  
Miryusifova Сh. M. ◽  
Aliyeva F. A. ◽  
Ibrahimova S. Sh.
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Visual Analyzer ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clonic Convulsions

The paper considers effects of the sodium salt of penicillin, on the bioelectric activity of the visual analyzer structures in rabbits. Penicillin was injected into the amygdale, and a focus was created in this structure. Modeling the epileptic focus in amygdale allows to detect the spread of excitation as in motor structures of the brain (clonic convulsions), and in various structures of the visual analyzer. A comparative analysis of the electrical activity of spe-cific (visual cortex, superior colliculus) and non-specific structures (suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus) of the visual analyzer was performed in norm and after epileptic attacks. For this purpose, a coherent analysis of the electrical activity of the above-mentioned structures was per-formed in normal and after epileptic seizures. The experiments were carried out on rabbits. Registration and analysis of the electroencephalogram of various brain structures was performed by using the automated system "Brainsys". It is also established that there is a change in the coherent bonds between the structures of the visual analyzer after epileptic seizures. The coherence coefficient, except for the alpha range, increased in all structures compared with the background. The change in coherent bonds after epileptic seizures is explained by the activation of functional interactions between the structures of the central nervous system. The presence of high-amplitude theta and delta waves in the electroencephalogram indicates functional changes in the central nervous system. It is known that the visual analyzer has complex differentiated properties of plasticity. After epilepsy with the help of endogenous compensatory mechanisms it forms a new rela-tionship between the structures of the central nervous system.

Some Considerations of the Physical Factor in Delusional States

1939 ◽  
Vol 85 (354) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hemphill
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

On the subject of the correlation of neurological lesions with psycho-pathological phenomena, two eminent neuro-histologists, the Werthams, have recently written: “It must be pointed out that in proportion to the extraordinary complexity and differentiation of the finer functions mediated by the central nervous system, histological lesions are very gross. However we may conceive of the functional processes going on in the central nervous system—physiological, physico-chemical, metabolic, electrical, etc.—it should be obvious that only the grossest miscarriages and defects would become morphologically visible. Structural lesions are the effect of functional reactions that are not histologically demonstrable. Physico-chemical changes, metabolic processes, functional changes of blood-vessels, and similar biological phenomena that cannot be micro-histologically demonstrated, precede the anatomically visible lesions which occur only where the processes have attained a certain intensity. What we can demonstrate histologically in the nervous parenchyma is not by any means an adequate basis for the understanding of the quality, intensity or normality of nervous functions. In a patient who dies in the convulsions of tetanus, the anterior horn-cells may reveal nothing abnormal. Even the most minute and complete histological examination of the central nervous system in a case may fail to reveal any evidence of an existing profound disorder of brain function. There are cases of idiocy of the severest type in which no significant histological changes may be demonstrable in the brain.”

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