The distribution of poliomyelitis virus in cynomolgus monkeys following oral administration, tonsillectomy, and intramuscular injection of diphtheria toxoid

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Verlinde ◽  
A. Kret ◽  
R. Wyler
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus

Purified Human Poliomyelitis Virus: Infectivity for Cynomolgus Monkeys.

1948 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Stulberg ◽  
E. A. Slater ◽  
H. P. Brumfield ◽  
H. O. Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus

scholarly journals STUDIES ON VARIANTS OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS

1954 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert B. Sabin ◽  
Walter A. Hennessen ◽  
Johan Winsser
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Intracerebral Injection ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Motor Neurones ◽  
Type 3

Attempts were made to "convert" highly virulent strains of the 3 immunologic types of poliomyelitis virus (Mahoney, Y-SK, and Leon) into avirulent variants. Tests involving intracerebral, intramuscular, or oral administration of virus to cynomolgus monkeys indicated that mere propagation in cultures of kidney tissue of cynomolgus monkeys had no effect on virulence when single or small numbers of virus particles were used as seed, and harvests were delayed for 24 hours or more after the appearance of cytopathogenic change. On the other hand, passages at 24 hour intervals with large inocula (105 to 106 TCD60) produced culture fluids with diminished virulence and unusual patterns of response in cynomolgus monkeys. Purification of such culture fluids by the terminal dilution technique yielded modified strains which proved to be avirulent after administration by the intracerebral, intramuscular, or oral routes in cynomolgus monkeys. Neither paralysis nor CNS lesions were found in any of more than 80 monkeys inoculated intracerebrally with various amounts of virus. However, focal neuronal lesions were found in the spinal cord of 3 of 48 monkeys inoculated intramuscularly with various amounts of the Mahoney variant, in 2 of 20 receiving the Y-SK variant, though in none of 40 inoculated with various amounts of the Leon variant. Virus recovered from the spinal cord of one of the monkeys in the Mahoney group produced no paralysis on intracerebral passage in monkeys. It is assumed that all 3 modified viruses possess a limited capacity to affect lower motor neurones of cynomolgus monkeys when these are directly exposed to them by accidental intraneural or traumatic intracerebral injection. On propagation in cynomolgus kidney cultures the modified viruses reached titers of approximately 107 TCD50 per ml., as measured by cytopathogenic activity on renal epithelial cells in vitro, yet produced no perceptible pathologic changes in the muscles, kidneys, testes, ovaries, heart, pancreas, adrenals, liver, or spleen of cynomolgus monkeys inoculated intramuscularly. The modified viruses were immunogenic after intramuscular injection, but a large proportion of cynomolgus monkeys failed to develop antibody after small doses, indicating that in this host the experimentally produced variants multiplied less readily in non-nervous tissue than the virulent parent strains. Tests with the Type 1 virus showed that the orally administered avirulent variant can induce the formation of antibody and bring about resistance to the occurrence of paralysis such as results from ingestion of the virulent, parent strain. The Types 1 and 2 modified viruses are paralytogenic in mice after direct spinal inoculation whereas the Type 3 virus is not. The Type 1 virus became paralytogenic for mice when it lost its virulence for cynomolgus monkeys by the indicated routes. The Type 2 virus lost its virulence for mice by the intracerebral but not intraspinal routes when it was still fully virulent for cynomolgus monkeys, and retained its paralytogenic activity in intraspinally inoculated mice after it had lost its virulence for cynomolgus monkeys by the indicated routes. The parent Type 3 virus was paralytogenic in intraspinally inoculated mice when it was still fully virulent for cynomolgus monkeys, but this property disappeared in the modified virus when it became avirulent for monkeys.

scholarly journals ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS TO MAN AND APE--A COMPARATIVE STUDY

1954 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koprowski ◽  
G. A. Jervis ◽  
T. W. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus

BLOOD LEVELS OF SYNTHETIC GLUCOCORTICOIDS AFTER ADMINISTRATION BY VARIOUS ROUTES

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKITAKA MIYACHI ◽  
HIDEKI YOTSUMOTO ◽  
TAKASHI KANO ◽  
AKIRA MIZUCHI ◽  
TETSUICHIRO MUTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoids ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

SUMMARY Using reliable radioimmunoassay methods, the concentrations of prednisolone, prednisolone-hemisuccinate, betamethasone and betamethasone-17-benzoate were determined after administration by various routes. Serum prednisolone and betamethasone concentrations increased to peak levels 2 h after oral administration and then decreased gradually. The half-times of disappearance of prednisolone and betamethasone from blood, after a single oral dose, were both approximately 180–220 min. Five to fifteen minutes after intramuscular injections of 20 mg prednisolone-hemisuccinate the peak serum concentration was 63·7 ± 7·4 μg/ 100 ml and 30 min later plasma unesterified prednisolone reached its highest level (28·8 ± 2·6 μg/100 ml). The administration of steroids through the rectum induced gradual increases in the levels of serum steroids, reaching a maximum of 25% of the peak serum concentrations observed after oral administration. Plasma betamethasone-17-benzoate levels of 300 ng/ 100 ml were observed after topical application of betamethasone-17-benzoate gel to the skin. In patients with liver disease, the clearance of betamethasone was very slow compared with that in normal control subjects and significant amounts were retained in the blood 24 h after oral administration, showing that the liver is the most important organ for the metabolism of synthetic glucocorticoid. The concentrations of prednisolone and prednisolone-hemisuccinate in the cerebrospinal fluid were very low after the intramuscular injection of prednisolone-hemisuccinate, confirming the relative impermeability of the blood–brain barrier to polar steroids.

Protection of cynomolgus monkeys against HEV infection by oral administration of recombinant hepatitis E virus-like particles

Vaccine ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Cheng Li ◽  
Yuriko Suzaki ◽  
Yasushi Ami ◽  
Tapankumar N Dhole ◽  
Tatsuo Miyamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Recombinant Hepatitis ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Virus Like Particles
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