Body fat distribution, blood pressure and blood glucose in Egyptian obese women undergoing a weight control program

ContextPatients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are chronically treated with supraphysiological doses of glucocorticoids, which are known to induce insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones might reverse this effect and improve insulin sensitivity.ObjectivesTo assess insulin sensitivity in CAH patients and the effect of pioglitazone treatment on insulin sensitivity in CAH patients. Secondary objectives were the effects of treatment with pioglitazone on blood pressure, body fat distribution, lipid, and steroid profiles.DesignRandomized placebo controlled crossover trial.ParticipantsTwelve CAH patients and 12 body mass and age-matched control subjects.InterventionSixteen-week treatment with pioglitazone (45 mg/day) or placebo.Main outcome measureInsulin sensitivity measured by euglycemic clamp and oral glucose tolerance test. Further measures were 24-h blood pressure profiles, body fat distribution measured by magnetic resonance imaging, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioimpedance procedures, liver fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, lipid, and steroid profiles.ResultsCAH patients were insulin resistant compared with healthy controls. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly improved insulin sensitivity in CAH patients (glucose infusion rate (GIR) from 28.5±11.6 to 38.9±11.0 μmol/kg per min, P=0.000, GIR in controls 46.2±23.4 μmol/kg per min, P<0.05 versus CAH). Treatment with pioglitazone decreased blood pressure (systolic: 124.0±13.6 vs 127.0±14.9 mmHg, P<0.001, diastolic: 72.8±11.5 vs 77.4±12.6 mmHg, P<0.001). No changes in body fat distribution, lipid, and steroid profiles were observed.ConclusionsCAH patients are insulin resistant compared with matched control subjects. Treatment with pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and decreases blood pressure in CAH patients.

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Body fat distribution, blood pressure, and hypertension

Annals of Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/1047-2797(90)90017-m ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 33-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Patricia A Cassano ◽

Mark R Segal ◽

Pantel S Vokonas ◽

Scott T Weiss

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution

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Hormonal influences on the relationships between body fatness, body fat distribution, lipids, lipoproteins, glucose and blood pressure in French working women

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/0021-9150(90)90110-5 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 85 (2-3) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. Raison ◽

C. Bonithon-Kopp ◽

M. Egloff ◽

P. Ducimetiere ◽

B. Guy-Grand

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Fat ◽

Working Women ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fatness

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Weight Cycling and Body Composition in Obese Women

Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal ◽

10.1123/wspaj.7.1.1 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Roger L. Hammer ◽

Daryl McCombs ◽

A. Garth Fisher

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Fat ◽

Weight Control ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Upper Body ◽

Weight Cycling ◽

Obese Women ◽

Body Fatness ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat

It has been suggested that weight loss and regain, known as weight cycling, may result in greater body fatness and increased upper body fat distribution which may lead to adverse health consequences. These are concerns that may discourage some obese women from undergoing weight loss efforts. We retested 44 obese women, who took part in one of two weight control studies conducted in our laboratory, at either 6 or 12 months posttreatment. The followup study was performed to determine whether percent body fat and waist/hip ratio (WHR) had increased in those subjects who failed to maintain their weight loss. Subjects lost (mean + SD) 8.6 + 1.2 kg body weight, of which 7.0 + 1.0 kg was fat, and reduced their WHR by 0.03 + 0.006 (all p’s < .01) after either 12 or 16 weeks of treatment comprised of eating a low-fat diet, and in most cases performing endurance exercise training. At followup subjects were divided into groups based on the amount of weight regained. Those who regained (n=19) their lost weight were not fatter nor was their WHR higher than before the study began. These results do not support claims that weight cycling, in this case a single cycle, increases overall percentage of body fat or causes a redistribution of fat to the abdominal region of women.

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