Suppression of the secondary immune response by specific antibody, when given together with the secondary antigenic stimulus

1977 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-533
Author(s):  
H. Finger ◽  
H. Hof ◽  
C.-H. Wirsing ◽  
P. Emmerling
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Antigenic Stimulus

scholarly journals FETAL RESPONSE TO ANTIGENIC STIMULUS

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Silverstein ◽  
Jonathan W. Uhr ◽  
Keith L. Kraner ◽  
Robert J. Lukes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Phage Antibody ◽  
Antigenic Stimulus ◽  
Neonatal Life ◽  
Fetal Lamb ◽  
Fetal Response

The fetal lamb in utero is able to form large amounts of specific antibody in response to antigenic stimulus as early as the 66th to 70th day of the 150 day gestation period. Among the several antigens employed, the fetal lamb responded earliest, and with the highest titers, to bacteriophage φX. Slightly less effective as an antigen was horse ferritin, while ovalbumin proved to be a weak antigen, especially in younger fetuses. Ineffective in stimulating an antibody response at any time during fetal or early neonatal life were diphtheria toxoid, Salmonella typhosa, and BCG. Thus, it may not be feasible to fix precisely the time of onset of immunologic responsiveness in a species, inasmuch as it appears to differ so greatly from one antigen to another. The quantity of antibody found 10 days after φX immunization was not significantly different in fetuses injected at 60 to 120 days of gestation. The earliest anti-phage antibody produced by the lamb fetus is a macroglobulin sensitive to the action of 2-mercaptoethanol. Only in older fetuses with longer lasting stimuli were appreciable amounts of 7S γ-globulin antibodies formed. The conformity of these observations to theories on the ontogenesis of the immune response is discussed.

scholarly journals HAPTEN-CARRIER RELATIONSHIPS OF ISOANTIGENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. McBride ◽  
Louis W. Schierman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Antibody

In chickens, erythrocyte isoantigens have hapten-carrier relationships. Specific anticarrier antibody depresses the immune response to the carrier and enhances the immune response to the hapten. Antigenic determinants of "haptenic" isoantigens behave as carriers if they are coated with specific antibody. It is postulated that every humoral antibody response involves the cooperation of a carrier with a hapten and the progressive conversion by antibody of haptens to carriers. Thus a carrier is viewed as an antigenic determinant which is coated with antibody. The antibody-forming cell only synthesizes antibody to the uncoated haptenic determinants. The consequences of this interpretation for the development of immunological maturity and the secondary immune response are discussed.

Measles in bone marrow transplant recipients during an outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse M. Machado ◽  
Flávio B. Gonçalves ◽  
Cláudio S. Pannuti ◽  
Frederico L. Dulley ◽  
Vanda A. U. F. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Measles Outbreak

In 1997, a measles outbreak was identified in São Paulo. Between February and December, 20 185 cases were confirmed. From April to July 1997, a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted to identify the recipients of bone marrow (BM) transplants who were susceptible to measles and the occurrence of measles in this population. A total of 156 patients were screened by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Patients with IgG titers more than 100 mIU/mL were considered immune. Measles reimmunization records were also reviewed. Thirty-two vaccinated patients underwent serologic evaluation. Six of 22 patients (27.3%) within 3 years after vaccination lost measles immunity, in contrast to 7 of 10 patients (70%) vaccinated longer than 3 years previously (P = .049). Among the 122 nonvaccinated patients, 41 (33.6%) were susceptible to measles: 4 of 47 patients (8.5%) within the first year after BM transplantation (BMT), and 37 of the 75 patients (49.3%) after the first year after BMT (P < .001). Eight recipients acquired measles, confirmed by serology (EIA). High-avidity IgG antibodies were observed in the acute phase of measles, suggesting a secondary immune response. Measles interstitial pneumonia was observed in one patient. Seven patients had mild symptoms. Exanthema was present in all patients. All but one patient had fever and nonproductive cough. Koplik spots could be observed in 5 patients. Measles can be mild in BM transplant recipients. Exanthema is frequently present but not often typical. Immunity to measles decreases after day +365 after BMT. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the safety of measles vaccine after the first year of BMT, mostly during outbreaks.

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