Pineal indols and testosterone affect exploratory activity of male rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rodriguez ◽  
J. Sosa ◽  
G. Hernandez ◽  
M. Mas
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Male Rats

scholarly journals Effects of Two Types of Restraint Stress on the Spontaneous Behaviour in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Trnečková ◽  
Pavel Šída ◽  
Sixtus Hynie ◽  
Ivan Krejčí ◽  
Zdeněk Hliňák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Partial Immersion ◽  
Wistar Male Rats

Our previous findings suggested the existence of stressor-specific behavioural and cognitive responses in rats. In the present study, restraint stressor (immobilization, IMO) and restraint stressor combined with partial immersion of rats into water (IMO+C) were applied for 1 hour to Wistar male rats and their spontaneous behaviour was examined in the open field test. The classic behavioural parameters were recorded: crossing, rearing, and resting. When tested 1 and 4 hours after IMO+C, animals exhibited strong suppression of locomotor and exploratory activity (crossing and rearing); partial inhibition of both behavioural variables was found after IMO. Thus, substantial differences were observed in dependence on the length of period between the end of stressor application and the start of testing. In testing performed one week later, the locomotor and exploratory activity levels of both IMO and IMO+C animals corresponded to the control ones. These data suggest a differential behavioural response to both used stressors that may result from their different proportion of psychical and physical components. In conclusion, our results provide other data for the support of differential effects of two types of restraint stressors on spontaneous behaviour of animals exposed to a novel environment.

Effect of tianeptine on neuroendocrine, enzyme and behavioral responses to restraint stress in male rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (S2) ◽  
pp. 67s-73s ◽  
Author(s):  
R Fontanges ◽  
J Mimouni ◽  
X de Grieve ◽  
J Picard ◽  
M Pugeat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Novel

SummaryThe effects of the novel antidepressant tianeptine, after acute or chronic administration, were compared in normal and restraint-stressed (30 min or 2 h) Wistar rats. Tianeptine, at the dose of 10 mg/kg, did not exert any effect in non-stressed rats. However, in animals restrained for 30 min, tianeptine reduced the increase of circulating ACTH and β-endorphin levels without modification of corticosterone. Moreover, it antagonized the deficit of vertical exploratory activity in an open field. In rats restrained for 2 hours, a single injection of tianeptine suppressed the stress-induced increase of TAT hepatic activity and moderately attenuated the deficit of activity in the open field. This effect was less marked and not statistically significant after chronic treatment.

THE SULPIRIDE CORRECTION OF BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN ALCOHOLIZED WHITE MALE RATS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF DEPRESSION

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Г.А. Фролова
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Porsolt Test ◽  
Plus Maze

Целью исследования является оценка коррекции поведенческих нарушений, вызванных двухнедельной алкоголизацией у самцов белых крыс, путем блокирования сульпиридом ауторецепторов дофамина с учетом индивидуально-типологических особенностей животных. Методика. Эксперимент был выполнен на 40 половозрелых крысах-самцах массой 180-220 г. Уровень тревожности крыс определяли в приподнятом крестообразном лабиринте по общему времени пребывания животного на открытом пространстве лабиринта за 5 мин тестирования и числу повторных выходов на него. Двигательную и исследовательскую активность, а также число актов груминга животных оценивали в тесте открытого поля в течение 5 мин. Уровень депрессивности животных устанавливали с помощью теста Порсолта с подсчетом количества и общей продолжительности периодов полной иммобильности (неподвижности) животного. По количеству фекальных болюсов судили об эмоциональности животных. После исходного (контрольного) тестирования в батарее вышеуказанных тестов животные были разделены на три подгруппы согласно выраженности депрессивности в тесте Порсолта. Алкоголизацию проводили в течение 14 сут путем внутрибрюшинного введения раствора этанола в виде 10% раствора из расчета 2 г/кг веса животного, после чего животные проходили повторное тестирование в поведенческих тестах. Сульпирид («Eglonyl», Sanofi Winthrop Industrie, France) вводили в течение 14 сут в дозе 10 мг/кг, внутрибрюшинно, после чего животные снова проходили тестирование. Результаты. Двухнедельная алкоголизация приводит к увеличению тревожности и депрессивности самцов с исходно низким и средним уровнем депрессивности, на что указывает сокращение пребывания животных данных подгрупп на открытом пространстве приподнятого крестообразного лабиринта (p<0,01), уменьшение числа повторных выходов на него (p<0,05) и значительное увеличение общего времени неподвижности в тесте Порсолта (p<0,01). Последующее введение сульпирида корректирует анксиогенный и депрессогенный эффекты алкоголизации у самцов этих подгрупп. Исходно высокодепрессивные животные не проявили чувствительности к 14-дневному введению этанола и последующему блокированию D2/D3-рецепторов дофамина в приподнятом крестообразном лабиринте и тесте Порсолта. Введение этанола в течение 14 дней угнетает исследовательскую активность (p<0,01) самцов в открытом поле независимо от исходного уровня их депрессивности и двигательную (p<0,01) у низкодепрессивных животных. Последующее введение сульпирида не привело к компенсации эффекта алкоголизации на показатели поведенческой активности в открытом поле. У низкодепрессивных самцов на фоне двухнедельной алкоголизации развивается депрессивноподобное состояние, характеризующееся выраженным поведенческим дефицитом в открытом поле. Двухнедельная алкоголизация приводит к значительному (в 2-3,5 раз, p<0,01) росту эмоциональности независимо от исходного уровня депрессивности крыс, что полностью корректируется последующим введением сульпирида у высокодепрессивных самцов, и к частичному снижению проявлений эмоциональности у низко- и среднедепрессивных животных. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о возможности коррекции тревожных и депрессивных нарушений, возникших на фоне двухнедельной алкоголизации, сульпиридом с учетом индивидуально-типологических особенностей организма. The aim of the study was to evaluate correction of behavioral disorders with sulpiride, a dopamine autoreceptor inhibitor, in alcoholized rats taking into account individual typological features of the animals. Methods. Experiments were performed on sexually mature male rats weighing 180-220 g. The level of anxiety was determined in the elevated plus-maze by the total time of stay in and number of exits from the open space of the maze during 5 minutes of testing. Locomotor and exploratory activity and grooming behavior were assessed in the open field for 5 minutes. The severity of animal depression was determined using the standard Porsolt test by the number and total duration of immobility periods. The emotional state of animals was evaluated by the number of fecal boluses. After the initial (control) tests, the rats were divided into three subgroups based on the severity of depression as determined in the Porsolt test. Alcoholism was modeled by intraperitoneal injections of 10% ethanol (2 g/kg body weight) for 14 days. Then the animal behavior was re-tested. Sulpiride (Eglonyl, Sanofi Winthrop Industrie, France) was administered for 14 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; then the animals were tested again. Results. Two-week alcoholization resulted in increased anxiety and depression of rats with low and medium depression degree at baseline. These disorders were evident from shortened stay of these animals in the open space of elevated plus-maze, reduced number of repeated exits from the open space, and a significant increase in the total time of immobility in the Porsolt test. The subsequent sulpiride treatment corrected the anxiogenic and depressogenic effects of alcoholism in male rats of these subgroups. Originally high-depressive animals did not show a sensitivity to the 14 day-administration of ethanol and subsequent inhibition of D2/D3-dopamine receptors in the elevated plus-maze and Porsolt test. Administration of ethanol for 14 days suppressed both the exploratory activity of rats in the open field regardless of their baseline degree of depression, and the locomotor activity of low-depressive animals. The subsequent sulpiride treatment did not abolish the effect of alcohol on the behavioral activity in the open field. Low-depressive alcoholized males developed a depression-like condition characterized by a marked behavioral deficit in the open field. The two-week alcoholization resulted in a significant (2-3.5 times) increase in the emotionality irrespective of the baseline degree of depression. This disorder was fully corrected by the sulpiride treatment in high-depressive rats and partially reduced the signs of emotionality in low- and medium-depressive animals. Conclusion. The study showed a possibility for correction of anxiety and depressive disorders induced by two weeks of modeled alcohol abuse with sulpiride depending on individual typological features of animals.

Author response for "Mapping of the excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory afferent projections to the anatomically defined active expiratory oscillator in adult male rats"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Biancardi ◽  
Jashan Saini ◽  
Anileen Pageni ◽  
M. Hema Prashaad ◽  
Gregory D. Funk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Afferent Projections

The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Aline Byrnes ◽  
Elsa E. Ramos ◽  
Minoru Suzuki ◽  
E.D. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Ultrastructural Localization of Acetylcholinesterase in the Arcuate Nucleus and Median Eminence of the Rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
K.A. Carson ◽  
C.B. Nemeroff ◽  
M.S. Rone ◽  
J.S. Kizer ◽  
J.S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
High Doses

Biochemical, physiological, pharmacological, and more recently enzyme histo- chemical data have indicated that cholinergic circuits exist in the hypothalamus. Ultrastructural correlates of these pathways such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and stained terminals in the median eminence (ME) have yet to be described. Initial studies in our laboratories utilizing chemical lesioning and microdissection techniques coupled with microchemical and light microscopic enzyme histo- chemical studies suggested the existence of cholinergic neurons in the ARC which project to the ME (1). Furthermore, in adult male rats with Halasz deafferentations (hypothalamic islands composed primarily of the isolated ARC and the ME) choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) activity, a good marker for cholinergic neurons, was not significantly reduced in the ME and was only somewhat reduced in the ARC (2). Treatment of neonatal rats with high doses of monosodium 1-glutamate (MSG) results in a lesion largely restricted to the neurons of the ARC.

The ultrastructure of acinar cells in the external orbital gland of young and old male rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
R. Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Polyploid Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Diploid Cells

The external orbital gland of the albino rat exhibits both sexual dimorphism and histological age changes. In males, many cells attain a remarkable degree of polyploidy and an increase of polyploid cell number constitutes the major age change until young adulthood. The acini of young adults have a small lumen and are composed of tall serous cells. Subsequently, many acini acquire a larger lumen with an irregular outline while numerous vacuoles accumulate throughout the secretory cells. At the same time, vesicular acini with a large lumen surrounded by pale-staining low cuboidal diploid cells begin to appear and their number increases throughout old age. The fine structure of external orbital glands from both sexes has been explored and in considering acinar cells from males, emphasis was given to the form of the Golgi membranes and to nuclear infoldings of cytoplasmic constituents.

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