Exchange rate and long run equilibrium in transition economies

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Jordi Sardà Pons ◽  
Ma José Pérez Lacasta
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

Exchange rates in India: current account monetarism in a nonlinear context

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Chaubal
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Polynomial Function ◽  
Mean Reversion ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Monetary Model ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Nonlinear Mean Reversion ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

AbstractThe Indian exchange rate system has evolved from a pegged system to the current managed float. The study examines the presence of a long-run equilibrium in the monthly Indian exchange rate (Rs/USD) using a current account monetary model (or flexible price monetary model) while accounting for different nonlinearities over the period January 1993 to January 2014 (pre-inflation targeting period). The nonlinear adjustment to disequilibria is modelled using a nonlinear error correction model (NLECM). The nonlinear current account monetarism (CAM) model includes nonlinear transformations of long-run dynamics in the ECM to account for different nonlinearities: multiple equilibria (cubic polynomial function), nonlinear mean reversion (rational polynomial function), and smooth and gradual regime switches (exponential smooth transition autoregressive (ESTAR) function). The NLECM-ESTAR model outperforms other alternatives based on model and forecast performance measures, implying the existence of nonlinear mean reversion and smooth transition across different periods of overvaluation and undervaluation of the exchange rate. This implies the presence of asymmetric adjustment to the movements from the long-run equilibrium, but the nature of such transitions is smooth and not abrupt. The paper also establishes the uniqueness of the long-run equilibrium. A comparison to the sticky price monetary model could not be made due to stationary exchange rate disequilibrium.

scholarly journals Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate and Misalignment: The Sierra Leone Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Abu Bakarr TARAWALIE
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
The Real ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Effective Exchange ◽  
Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

This paper estimates the equilibrium real effective exchange rate and determine the level of exchange rate misalignment in Sierra Leone, for the period 1980 to 2018. The paper utilizes the behavioral equilibrium exchange rate methodology within the Johansen maximum likelihood framework to estimate the long run equilibrium real effective exchange rate. The unit root test result shows that all the variables are integrated of order one, whilst the cointegration test establishes the existence of one cointegrating vector as evidenced by both the Trace and Maximum Eigen Statistics. The normalized long run results reveal that openness, government expenditure and money supply were the most significant determinants of the real effective exchange rate in the long run. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the real effective exchange rate experienced sustained deviation from the long run equilibrium real effective exchange rate during the study period, with episodes of overvaluation and undervaluation. Specifically, the real effective exchange rate was overvalued by 3.69 percent during the period between 1980-1985; undervalued by 1.8 percent between 1986-1997, and overvalued by 0.9 percent between 1998-2004, Thus, the paper reveals episodes of misalignment of the real effective exchange rate. Based on these findings, the study recommends that, the monetary authorities should ensure stability of the exchange rate and maintain price stability, through sterilization of capital flows as well as contain money growth within the statutory limit.

scholarly journals Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Unemployment in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (II) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Atiq Ur Rahman ◽  
Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah ◽  
Qamar uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

Unemployment is an alarming issue for bothdeveloped and developing countries, which sometimesvaries from region to region as well. Unemployment accompaniedwith Exchange Rate Volatility (ERV, hereafter) worsens thesituation. This paper tries to explore the relationship between ERVand unemployment and other selected factors in the case ofPakistan from 1980 to 2018. After necessary simulation, the studysupported the analyses through the autoregressive distributed lagmodel. Where, long-run coefficient reveals that ERV and exportsboth are positively affecting unemployment; whereas, import isinversely related to unemployment. Alternatively, export and GDPare inversely affecting unemployment in the short run; further,stability tests also support the relationship between the selectedvariables to achieve the long-run equilibrium. The study furthersuggests that the Government of Pakistan need to stabilizeexchange rate to control unemployment, which is 8 percent in thelong-run and 11 percent in the short run.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KOINTEGRASI JUMLAH WISATAWAN, INFLASI, DAN NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO (PDRB) PROVINSI BALI

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
MADE ARISTIAWAN JIWA ATMAJA ◽  
I PUTU EKA N. KENCANA ◽  
G. K. GANDHIADI
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

This paper aimed to determine long-run equilibrium the tourist arrivals, inflation, exchange rate and gross domestic regional product (GDRP) of Bali Province used Johansen’s cointegration test. First examined whether each stationary variables using augmented dickey fuller (ADF) test. ADF test showed GDRP of Bali, tourist arrivals, and exchange rate are not stationary, so it is assumed stationary in first lag or I(1). While inflation is stationary in level or I(0). Johansen’s cointegration test showed the tourist arrivals, inflation, exchange rate and GDRP of Bali are not cointegrated. Notice that there is no long-run equilibrium, it can not be concluded for structural equation models.

scholarly journals An analysis of IT software and service exports from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Manzoor Hassan Malik ◽  
Nirmala Velan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
External Demand ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Given ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

PurposeThe aims of the paper are to investigate IT software and service export function for India. First, cointegration tests have been used to investigate the long-run equilibrium relationship of the given variables. Second, long-run coefficients and associated error correction mechanism are estimated.Design/methodology/approachAnnual time series data on IT software and service exports, human capital, exchange rate, investment in IT, external demand and openness index have been used for the present study during the period 1980–2017. The data are collected from the National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM), Planning Commission of India, University Grants Commission (UGC) of India, real effective exchange rate (REER) database and World Bank development indicators. Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to analyze both short-run and long-run dynamic behaviour of economic variables with appropriate asymptotic inferences.FindingsResults of the analysis show the stable long-run equilibrium relationship among the given variables. It is found that external demand, exchange rate, human capital and openness index have a substantial long-run impact on the IT software and service exports. We also found that the coefficient of error correction term is negative and significant at 1% of the level of significance, which confirms the existence of stable long-run relationship which means adjustment will take place when there is a short-run deviation to its long-run equilibrium after a shock.Research limitations/implicationsThere may be other determinants of software and service exports apart from those considered by the present study. Due to the non-availability of data, the study considers only important determinants that determine the software and service exports in India. The IT exports are an emerging and dynamic field of economic activity and the rate of change is so rapid that the relevance of individual factors may change over time. The study period is also limited to available data.Practical implicationsThe paper has implications for achieving sustainability in IT software and service exports growth. It is recommended that policies directed at improving the performance of IT software and service exports should largely consider the long-run behaviour of these variables.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on originality in the analysis of the relationship among the given variables including IT software and service exports, human capital, exchange rate, investment in IT, external demand and openness index in India. All the work has been done in original by the authors, and the work used has been acknowledged properly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document