Oblique cell plate formation in tobacco BY-2 cells originates in double preprophase bands

Cell plate formation in tobacco root tips and synchronized dividing suspension cultured tobacco BY-2 cells was examined using cryofixation and immunocytochemical methods. Due to the much improved preservation of the cells, many new structural intermediates have been resolved, which has led to a new model of cell plate formation in higher plants. Our electron micrographs demonstrate that cell plate formation consists of the following stages: (1) the arrival of Golgi-derived vesicles in the equatorial plane, (2) the formation of thin (20 +/- 6 nm) tubes that grow out of individual vesicles and fuse with others giving rise to a continuous, interwoven, tubulo-vesicular network, (3) the consolidation of the tubulo-vesicular network into an interwoven smooth tubular network rich in callose and then into a fenestrated plate-like structure, (4) the formation of hundreds of finger-like projections at the margins of the cell plate that fuse with the parent cell membrane, and (5) cell plate maturation that includes closing of the plate fenestrae and cellulose synthesis. Although this is a temporal chain of events, a developing cell plate may be simultaneously involved in all of these stages because cell plate formation starts in the cell center and then progresses centrifugally towards the cell periphery. The "leading edge" of the expanding cell plate is associated with the phragmoplast microtubule domain that becomes concentrically displaced during this process. Thus, cell plate formation can be summarized into two phases: first the formation of a membrane network in association with the phragmoplast microtubule domain; second, cell wall assembly within this network after displacement of the microtubules. The phragmoplast microtubules end in a filamentous matrix that encompasses the delicate tubulo-vesicular networks but not the tubular networks and fenestrated plates. Clathrin-coated buds/vesicles and multivesicular bodies are also typical features of the network stages of cell plate formation, suggesting that excess membrane material may be recycled in a selective manner. Immunolabeling data indicate that callose is the predominant lumenal component of forming cell plates and that it forms a coat-like structure on the membrane surface. We postulate that callose both helps to mechanically stabilize the early delicate membrane networks of forming cell plates, and to create a spreading force that widens the tubules and converts them into plate-like structures. Cellulose is first detected in the late smooth tubular network stage and its appearance seems to coincide with the flattening and stiffening of the cell plate.

Download Full-text

Phragmoplastin dynamics: multiple forms, microtubule association and their roles in cell plate formation in plants

Plant Molecular Biology ◽

10.1023/b:plan.0000006936.50532.3a ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 297-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Zonglie Hong ◽

C. Jane Geisler-Lee ◽

Zhongming Zhang ◽

Desh Pal S. Verma

Keyword(s):

Cell Plate ◽

Multiple Forms ◽

Cell Plate Formation ◽

Plate Formation

Download Full-text

Einfluß von Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh. auf die Zellteilung

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-1963-0616 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 499-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Pfitzer

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Cell Plate ◽

Multinucleated Cells ◽

Cell Plate Formation ◽

Plate Formation ◽

Dividing Cells ◽

Mealy Bug ◽

Pseudococcus Maritimus ◽

Female Flowers

The mealy-bug Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh. suppresses as specific disturbance cell plate formation in dividing cells of female flowers without interfering with the division of the nuclei. Host plants were three different species of the aroid Aglaonema. The result are multinucleated cells whose differentiation in cells of pistil, ovary, and embryo-sac is practically undisturbed.

Download Full-text

Spatio-temporal analysis of cellulose synthesis during cell plate formation in Arabidopsis

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1111/tpj.12362 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 71-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Fabien Miart ◽

Thierry Desprez ◽

Eric Biot ◽

Halima Morin ◽

Katia Belcram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Plate ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Cell Plate Formation ◽

Plate Formation ◽

Spatio Temporal

Download Full-text

Functional characterization of the KNOLLE-interacting t-SNARE AtSNAP33 and its role in plant cytokinesis

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.200107126 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 239-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Maren Heese ◽

Xavier Gansel ◽

Liliane Sticher ◽

Peter Wick ◽

Markus Grebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Membrane Fusion ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Cell Plate ◽

Yeast Two Hybrid ◽

Division Plane ◽

Plant Cytokinesis ◽

Cell Plate Formation ◽

Plate Formation ◽

Two Hybrid

Cytokinesis requires membrane fusion during cleavage-furrow ingression in animals and cell plate formation in plants. In Arabidopsis, the Sec1 homologue KEULE (KEU) and the cytokinesis-specific syntaxin KNOLLE (KN) cooperate to promote vesicle fusion in the cell division plane. Here, we characterize AtSNAP33, an Arabidopsis homologue of the t-SNARE SNAP25, that was identified as a KN interactor in a yeast two-hybrid screen. AtSNAP33 is a ubiquitously expressed membrane-associated protein that accumulated at the plasma membrane and during cell division colocalized with KN at the forming cell plate. A T-DNA insertion in the AtSNAP33 gene caused loss of AtSNAP33 function, resulting in a lethal dwarf phenotype. atsnap33 plantlets gradually developed large necrotic lesions on cotyledons and rosette leaves, resembling pathogen-induced cellular responses, and eventually died before flowering. In addition, mutant seedlings displayed cytokinetic defects, and atsnap33 in combination with the cytokinesis mutant keu was embryo lethal. Analysis of the Arabidopsis genome revealed two further SNAP25-like proteins that also interacted with KN in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Our results suggest that AtSNAP33, the first SNAP25 homologue characterized in plants, is involved in diverse membrane fusion processes, including cell plate formation, and that AtSNAP33 function in cytokinesis may be replaced partially by other SNAP25 homologues.

Download Full-text

Endocytosis of Cell Surface Material Mediates Cell Plate Formation during Plant Cytokinesis

Developmental Cell ◽

10.1016/j.devcel.2005.11.015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 137-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

Pankaj Dhonukshe ◽

František Baluška ◽

Markus Schlicht ◽

Andrej Hlavacka ◽

Jozef Šamaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Cell Plate ◽

Surface Material ◽

Plant Cytokinesis ◽

Cell Plate Formation ◽

Plate Formation

Download Full-text

Cell deformities in bark and sapwood caused by Rhytidiella moriformis and Keissleriella emergens infections in poplar

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b75-094 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 780-783 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Harry Zalasky

Keyword(s):

Cell Plate ◽

Balsam Poplar ◽

Cell Plate Formation ◽

Cell Structures ◽

Outer Periphery ◽

Bordered Pits ◽

Vessel Elements ◽

Plate Formation ◽

Ray Cells ◽

Host Tissues

The cambium of balsam poplar appeared to be stimulated by Rhytidiella moriformis and Keissleriella emergens infections of bark, colonized to the outer periphery of the phloem but not beyond. Instead of producing normal xylem in groups of four cells, it produced hyperplastic and hypoplastic deformed xylem, each group consisting of variable combinations of tracheids, vessel elements, and wood parenchyma. Deformities were accompanied by composite cell structures and rapid aging of thick-walled ray cells. Tracheids and vessel elements were branched, curvate, attenuate, and short. Vessel elements without perforations had more bordered pits arranged on all sides. Perforations, if present, were often lateral and not oriented for vertical transport of solutes. Morphogenetically, host tissues are believed to be chimeral, as evidenced by stunting, incomplete cell-plate formation, and hyperplasia and hypoplasia. Changes in structure of cells and tissues of the host were caused by both pathogens, but they occur over a larger surface area of the bark and sapwood on trees infected by R. moriformis in nature.

Download Full-text