L'entomophthoraleNeozygites fumosa pathogène de la Cochenille du manioc,Phenacoccus manihoti [Hom.: Pseudococcidae], en République populaire du Congo

Entomophaga ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rü ◽  
P. Silvie ◽  
B. Papierok
Keyword(s):  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Cochenille Du Manioc

scholarly journals Inventaire rapide des principaux entomophages de la cochenille du manioc Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae) en République du Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2517-2527
Author(s):  
Valentin Dibangou ◽  
Mireille Belle Mbou ◽  
Nazaire Loubaki Ntolo ◽  
Grâce Nianga-Bikouta
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Cassava Mealybug ◽  
Cochenille Du Manioc ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Dès l’année 1970, une baisse de production en tubercules de manioc de l’espèce Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiacée) a été constatée en Afrique. L’un des principaux ravageurs de cette plante est la cochenille farineuse du manioc. Au Congo, la lutte contre celui-ci s’est organisée dès 1982 par l’introduction d’un parasitoïde hyménoptère, Epidinocarcis lopezi. Mais cet insecte auxiliaire s’est très vite retrouvé à son tour la proie d’hyperparasites qui freinent ainsi son expansion et limitent son efficacité. La présente étude fait un inventaire des entomophages de la cochenille du manioc Phenacoccus manihoti. Elle s’est déroulée dans trois sites retenus dans la ville de Brazzaville : Kombé, jardin d’essai et Lycée Savorgnan de Brazza (LSB). La récolte des momies a été effectuée sur des feuilles infestées, les arthropodes ayant émergé ont été collectés et identifiés, les taux d’émergence et d’hyperparasitisme ont été déterminés. Les résultats obtenus montrent un taux d’hyperparasitisme élevé (60 et 66,66%) et une faible abondance d’E. lopezi comparé aux hyperparasites (22 hyperparasites pour 13 parasitoïdes). Un autre parasitoïde Acerophagus coccois Smith non encore décrit jusqu’ici au Congo a été découvert. Il pourrait avoir été introduit accidentellement avec les boutures importées et expérimentées dans le but d’améliorer les performances du manioc.Mots clés : Lutte biologique, Auxiliaire, Entomocénose, Momie, Brazzaville, Congo. English Title: Rapid inventory of the main entomophagous species of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in the Republic of Congo As early as 1970, a decrease in the production of cassava tubers of the species Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) was observed in Africa. One of the main pests of this plant is the cassava mealybug. In the Congo, the fight against it was organized in 1982 with the introduction of a hymenoptera parasitoid, Epidinocarcis lopezi. But this auxiliary insect very quickly found itself the prey of hyperparasites, which thus slowed down its expansion and limited effectiveness. The present study makes an inventory of the entomophages of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti. It took place in three selected sites in the city of Brazzaville: Kombé, test garden and Lycée Savorgnan de Brazza (LSB). The mummies were harvested from infested leaves, emerging arthropods were collected and identified, rates of emergence and hyperparasitism were determined. The results obtained reached a high rate of hyperparasitism (60 and 66.66%) and a low abundance of E. lopezi compared to hyperparasites (22 hyperparasites for 13 parasitoids). Another parasitoid Acerophagus coccois Smith not yet described in Congo has been discovered. It could have been created accidentally with the imported cuttings and tested in corn to improve cassava performance.Keywords: Biological pest control, Auxiliary, Entomocenosis, mummy, Brazzaville, Congo.

Phenacoccus manihoti. [Distribution map].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. Homoptera: Pseudococcidae (cassava mealybug). Attacks cassava (Manihot esculenta) and other species of Manihot. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Angola, Annobon Island, Benin, Burundi, Central African Republic, COngo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South America, Bolivia, Brazil, Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraguay.

MELANIZATION OF EGGS AND LARVAE OF THE PARASITOID, EPIDINOCARSIS LOPEZI (DE SANTIS) (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), BY THE CASSAVA MEALYBUG, PHENACOCCUS MANIHOTI MATILE-FERRERO (HOMOPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Sullivan ◽  
Peter Neuenschwander
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Defense Reaction ◽  
Epidinocarsis Lopezi ◽  
Cassava Mealybug ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Host Tissues

AbstractThe encyrtid wasp Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) has been introduced into Africa as a biological control agent against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. This host has a defense reaction against the immature parasitoid that involves encapsulation and melanization. Under laboratory conditions, 37.5% of once-stung cassava mealybugs had been parasitized, as indicated by eggs and larvae of the parasitoid in dissected hosts. Of these parasitized cassava mealybugs, 89.6% contained melanized particles (egg, partially melanized larva, internal host tissues, exoskeleton wound scars). Some of the parasitoid larvae were only partially melanized, and either freed themselves from the melanized capsule or else shed it at the next molt. By the 3rd day of their development only 12.5% were completely melanized. In cassava mealybugs with melanized host tissue but no living parasitoid, the survival of the host was not affected by the melanization. The mealybug itself sometimes shed black particles at the next molt and these were found attached to the cast skins. When superparasitized in the laboratory, 68.6% of twice-stung cassava mealybugs contained parasitoids. Mummies collected from a field experiment showed that melanization rates of mummies increased with increasing parasitization rates. Thus, melanization in the cassava mealybug was commonly triggered when E. lopezi oviposited, but this defense reaction was mostly ineffective, permitting the introduced parasitoid to be a successful biological control agent in Africa against the cassava mealybug, a major pest on this important food crop.

Influence of secondary compounds in the phloem sap of cassava on expression of antibiosis towards the mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Calatayud ◽  
Y. Rahbé ◽  
B. Delobel ◽  
F. Khuong-Huu ◽  
M. Tertuliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Phloem Sap
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