The introduction ofMimorista pulchellalis [Lepidoptera: Pyraustidae] into South Africa for the biological control of jointed cactus,Opuntia aurantiaca 1. Biology and mass-rearing techniques

Entomophaga ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nieman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Rearing Techniques

scholarly journals Pest Biological Control: Goals Throughout My Life

2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Liying Li
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Poor Family ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Cotton Pest

This autobiography documents the life and accomplishments of Li Liying. Born into a poor family in China, she eventually became director of Guangdong Entomological Institute. After graduating middle school (1949), she was admitted to the Agronomy Faculty at Beijing Agricultural University but was shortly after redirected by the Chinese Government to Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia. The last year of her study at Timiryazev Agricultural Academy was a pivotal experience. She had the opportunity to conduct fieldwork on cotton pest control and became aware of the harmful practice of aerially spraying highly toxic organophosphates with workers present. She decided to dedicate herself to finding safer alternatives and became a leader in the development of mass-rearing techniques for insects beneficial to agriculture. She traveled to laboratories in several foreign countries to foster collaboration and exchange of ideas among colleagues. She is recognized for her service to entomological societies, teaching at universities, and love of entomology.

scholarly journals Assessing the status of biological control as a management tool for suppression of invasive alien plants in South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Zachariades ◽  
Iain D. Paterson ◽  
Lorraine W. Strathie ◽  
Martin P. Hill ◽  
Brian W. Van Wilgen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
The Status

Background: Biological control of invasive alien plants (IAPs) using introduced natural enemies contributes significantly to sustained, cost-effective management of natural resources in South Africa. The status of, and prospects for, biological control is therefore integral to National Status Reports (NSRs) on Biological Invasions, the first of which is due in 2017. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the status of, and prospects for, biological control of IAPs in South Africa. We discuss expansion of biological control and suggest indicators to be used in the upcoming NSR to assess sufficient growth. Method: We used published literature, unpublished work and personal communication to assess the status of biological control of IAPs. We propose indicators based on the targets for biological control that were proposed in the 2014 ‘National Strategy for dealing with biological invasions in South Africa’. To prioritise targets for future efforts, we used published lists of damaging IAPs and assessed the prospects for their biological control. Recommendations for using biological control as a management tool were made after discussion among the authors and with colleagues. Results: Significant control of several Cactaceae, Australian Acacia species and floating aquatic plants, and many other IAPs has been achieved in South Africa since 1913. Recently, biological control has benefited from improved international collaboration, a streamlined application process for the release of new biological control agents (resulting in the approval of 19 agents against 13 IAP species since 2013), and increased funding and capacity. There is still a need to improve implementation and to better integrate biological control with other control methods. In order to maximise benefits from biological control, increased investment is required, particularly in implementation and post-release evaluation, and in targeting new IAPs. Proposed targets for growth between 2017 and 2020 include an increase in financial investment in research by 29%, implementation by 28% and mass-rearing by 68%. Research capacity should increase by 29%, implementation capacity by 63% and mass-rearing capacity by 61%. New research projects should be initiated on 12 new IAP targets, while post-release monitoring efforts should be expanded to another 31 IAPs. Conclusion: Biological control of IAPs has contributed substantially to their management in South Africa, and continues to do so. Further investment in targeted aspects of IAP biological control will increase this contribution.

The Role of Mass-Rearing in Weed Biological Control Projects in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P Hill ◽  
D. Conlong ◽  
C. Zachariades ◽  
J.A. Coetzee ◽  
I.D. Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Weed Biological Control

scholarly journals The use of Telenomus remus (Nixon, 1937) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in the management of Spodoptera spp.: potential, challenges and major benefits

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelitza Coromoto Colmenarez ◽  
Dirk Babendreier ◽  
Francisco Ramón Ferrer Wurst ◽  
Carlos Luis Vásquez-Freytez ◽  
Adeney de Freitas Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

AbstractSpodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), also known as fall armyworm (FAW) is a polyphagous pest which can cause significant losses and is considered a global threat to different crops and a risk to food security. Currently, in maize, the pest is predominantly controlled by pesticides or transgenic events. However, the use of biological control agents is considered the most sustainable and preferred method of control, providing high effectiveness. Among the various natural enemies reported for FAW, the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus has gained most interest, and has been mass released against FAW in the Americas for many years. In addition to FAW, other armyworms of the genus Spodoptera often cause high crop damage and may be controlled using T. remus. Among other important aspects, this paper presents a review on T. remus mass rearing techniques, estimated costs of mass production, and release strategies. Due to the recent invasion of FAW in Africa, Asia, and Australia T. remus provides good opportunities for the establishment of an augmentative biological control program, reinforcing sustainable production of major crops such as maize in affected countries.

scholarly journals Integrative taxonomy and phylogeography of Telenomus remus (Scelionidae), with the first record of natural parasitism of Spodoptera spp. in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. G. S. Wengrat ◽  
Aloisio Coelho Junior ◽  
Jose R. P. Parra ◽  
Tamara A. Takahashi ◽  
Luis A. Foerster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
First Record ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Telenomus Remus ◽  
Natural Parasitism

AbstractThe egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) has been investigated for classical and applied biological control of noctuid pests, especially Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species. Although T. remus was introduced into Brazil over three decades ago for classical biological control of S. frugiperda, this wasp has not been recorded as established in corn or soybean crops. We used an integrative approach to identify T. remus, combining a taxonomic key based on the male genitalia with DNA barcoding, using a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene fragment. This is the first report of natural parasitism of T. remus on S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides eggs at two locations in Brazil. We also confirmed that the T. remus lineage in Brazil derives from a strain in Venezuela (originally from Papua New Guinea and introduced into the Americas, Africa, and Asia). The occurrence of T. remus parasitizing S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides eggs in field conditions, not associated with inundative releases, suggests that the species has managed to establish itself in the field in Brazil. This opens possibilities for future biological control programs, since T. remus shows good potential for mass rearing and egg parasitism of important agricultural pests such as Spodoptera species.

scholarly journals Cold storage and gamma irradiation of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier eggs (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in relation to the success of parasitism by Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa F. Abdel-Hameid ◽  
I. R. M. Elzoghby ◽  
A. L. Mehany ◽  
W. A. A. Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
The Times

AbstractThe performance of parasitism by the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was investigated under cold storage and gamma irradiation treatments of the host eggs. Cold storage treatment could improve the parasitoid mass rearing techniques and reduced the costs of biological control programs, while gamma irradiation might be used as a supplementary support at the times of high demand. The suitability of the S. cerealella eggs, stored at – 20 °C for 0.5, 1, or 2 h. as a host for T. evanescens was evaluated. The sensitivity of S. cerealella eggs to gamma irradiation treatments and the acceptability of irradiated eggs for parasitism by T. evanescens females for the parental P and F1 generations were examined. The results revealed that parasitism was drastically reduced more than adult’s emergence and sex-ratio (% of females) after cold storage periods of S. cerealella eggs. Moreover, the parasitism percentages were relatively reduced to (97.1, 96.1, 93.03, and 92.7 %) after irradiating the S. cerealella eggs at 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy, respectively than the control (97.3% emergence). The percentages of emergence and females’ percent were slightly decreased by gamma irradiation doses, while, equal preferred by the F1 generation of parasitoid that produced from irradiated S. cerealella eggs.

The Collection Of the Cactus Weevil, Cactophagus spinolae (Gylh.), in Mexico and its Dispatch to South Africa

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell F. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Made In

Collections of Cactophagus spinolae (Gylh.) were made in Mexico in 1946, 1947, and 1948 to supplement the biological control of prickly pear (Opuntia spp.) in South Africa. During these three years, 862, 1,396, and 15,584 adults, respectively, were dispatched to South Africa. The weevils were sent by air express in specially designed containers, and arrived in excellent condition.This paper includes information on the distribution, life history and food preferences of C. spinolae. The need is stressed for anticipating the effects of transit conditions upon living insect material transported by aircraft.

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