System analysis of the dynamic response of the coronary circulation to a sudden change in heart rate

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dankelman ◽  
H. G. Stassen ◽  
J. A. E. Spaan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Sudden Change

scholarly journals Investigation of X and Y Configuration Modal and Dynamic Response to Velocity Excitation of the Nanometer Resolution Linear Servo Motor Stage with Quasi-Industrial Guiding System in Quasi-Stable State

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Artur Piščalov ◽  
Edgaras Urbonas ◽  
Darius Vainorius ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
Artūras Kilikevičius
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Guiding System

Research institutions and industrial enterprises demand high accuracy and precision positioning systems to fulfil cutting edge requirements of up-to-date technological processes in the field of metrology and optical fabrication. Linear motor system design with high performance mechanical guiding system and optical encoder ensures nanometer scale precision and constant static error, which can be calibrated by optical instruments. Mechanical guiding systems has its benefits in case of control theory and its stability; unfortunately, on the other hand, there exists high influence of structure geometry and tribological effects such as friction and modal response. The aforementioned effect cannot be straightforwardly identified during the assembly process. Degradation of dynamic units can be detected only after certain operating time. Single degree of freedom systems are well investigated and the effect of degradation can be predicted, but there exists a gap in the analysis of nanometer scale multi degree of freedom dynamic systems; therefore, novel diagnostic tools need to be proposed. In this particular paper, dual axes dynamic system analysis will be presented. The main idea is to decouple standard stacked XY stage and analyse X and Y configuration as two different configurations of the same object, while imitators of corresponding axes are absolutely solid and stationary. As storage and analysis of time domain data is not efficient, main attention will be concentrated on frequency domain data, while, of course, statistical and graphical representation of dynamic response will be presented. Transfer function, dynamic response, spectral analysis of dynamic response, and modal analysis will be presented and discussed. Based on the collected data and its analysis, comparison of X and Y responses to different velocity excitation will be presented. Finally, conclusions and recommendations of novel diagnostic way will be presented.

scholarly journals Low-Frequency Oscillations (<0.3 Hz) in the Electromyographic (EMG) Activity of the Human Trapezius Muscle During Sleep

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 1177-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Westgaard ◽  
P. Bonato ◽  
K. A. Holte
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
The Mean

The surface electromyographic (EMG) signal from right and left trapezius muscles and the heart rate were recorded over 24 h in 27 healthy female subjects. The root-mean-square (RMS) value of the surface EMG signals and the heartbeat interval time series were calculated with a time resolution of 0.2 s. The EMG activity during sleep showed long periods with stable mean amplitude, modulated by rhythmic components in the frequency range 0.05–0.2 Hz. The ratio between the amplitude of the oscillatory components and the mean amplitude of the EMG signal was approximately constant over the range within which the phenomenon was observed, corresponding to a peak-to-peak oscillatory amplitude of ∼10% of the mean amplitude. The duration of the periods with stable mean amplitude ranged from a few minutes to ∼1 h, usually interrupted by a sudden change in the activity level or by cessation of the muscle activity. Right and left trapezius muscles presented the same pattern of FM. In supplementary experiments, rhythmic muscle activity pattern was also demonstrated in the upper extremity muscles of deltoid, biceps, and forearm flexor muscles. There was no apparent association between the rhythmic components in the muscle activity pattern and the heart rate variability. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the above-described pattern of EMG activity during sleep is documented. On reanalysis of earlier recorded trapezius motor unit firing pattern in experiments on awake subjects in a situation with mental stress, low-FM of firing with similar frequency content was detected. Possible sources of rhythmic excitation of trapezius motoneurons include slow-wave cortical oscillations represented in descending cortico-spinal pathways, and/or activation by monoaminergic pathways originating in the brain stem reticular formation. The analysis of muscle activity patterns may provide an important new tool to study neural mechanisms in human sleep.

System analysis of heart rate control in man

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 790-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sato ◽  
Y. Hasegawa ◽  
K. Hotta
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Weight Function ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Heart Rate Control ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Response To Exercise

The dynamic property of the heart rate response to exercise was determined and expressed in the frequency domain to establish a method of examiningcardiovascular control function. The response of heart rate to a stimulus was measured at 5-s intervals in nine healthy young volunteers. The stimulusconsisted of several runs of two-step exercise practiced in semirandom sequence for 19 min. The weight function of the system was estimated from autocorrelation function of the input signal and cross-correlation function between the input and output signals. The weight function was transformed into a transfer function and its Bode plot diagram was drawn. From the diagram, four dynamic parameters were determined. These parameters are as follows: Kis a constant showing the theoretical steady-state increment of heart rate,and T1, T2, T3 are time constants. The values obtained in the present experiment with the healthy young males were: K 46.0 +/- 14.6 beats, T1, 2.12 +/- 0.44, T2, 1.12 +/- 0.16, and T3 0.70 +/- 0.07 min.

Autonomic blockade and coronary catecholamines and cyclic AMP in exercising man

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Robson ◽  
D. C. Fluck
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Catecholamine Release ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Autonomic Blockade

To assess in man the effects of autonomic blockade on the response of catecholamines in the coronary circulation to dynamic exercise, arterial and coronary sinus catecholamine concentrations were measured in six patients during supine cycling exercise, following atropine 1.8 mg and oxprenolol 0.2 mg/kg iv. Although arterial concentrations did not increase significantly, coronary sinus catecholamine concentrations increased from 2.54 +/- 0.59 nmol/1 at rest 4.44 +/- 1.3 nmol/1 during exercise (P less than 0.05; one-tailed test) and were associated with a small increase in heart rate and coronary sinus cyclic AMP concentrations from 9.4 +/- 0.7 nmol/1 (rest) to 11.6 +/- 1.1 nmol/1 (exercise) (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.01). Although autonomic blockade may have increased catecholamine release, this was not reflected in an increased efflux of catecholamines from the heart, because similar increases in coronary sinus catecholamine concentrations occurred in the absence of autonomic blockade.

Effect of Gear Tooth Crack on Spur Gear Dynamic Response by Simulation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Shao ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Zaigang Chen ◽  
Teik C. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
High Rotational Speed

Geared transmission systems are widely applied to transmit power, torque and high rotational speed, and as well as change the direction of rotational motion. Their performances and efficiencies depend greatly on the integrity of the gear structure. Hence, health monitoring and fault detection in geared systems have gained much attention. Often, as a result of inappropriate operating conditions, application of heavy load beyond the designed capacity or end of fatigue life, gear faults frequently occur in practice. When fault happens, gear meshing characteristics, including mesh stiffness that is one of the important dynamic parameters, can be affected. This sudden change in mesh stiffness can induce shock vibration as the faulty gear tooth passes through the engagement zone. In this study, a finite element model representing the crack at the tooth root of a spur gear is developed. The theory is applied to investigate the effect of different crack sizes and the corresponding change in mesh stiffness. In addition, a lumped parameter model is formulated to examine the effect of tooth fault on gear dynamic response.

Active Compensation of Lightly Damped Electrohydraulic Cylinder Drives Using Derivative Signals

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bell ◽  
A. De Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Active Damping ◽  
Active Compensation ◽  
Minor Loop ◽  
Mechanical Damping ◽  
Linearized Model ◽  
Load Mass ◽  
Friction Bearings

The dynamic response of a cylinder drive is considerably influenced by the mechanical damping at the load. This paper discusses the use of acceleration and pressure transducer signals to introduce active damping into drives where the load mass is supported on anti-friction bearings, i.e. where the inherent mechanical damping is a minimum. The analysis is based on the use of a linearized model. The significance of the model and the system analysis is substantiated by the results of experiments carried out to assess the merits of these forms of minor loop compensation.

Study on Dynamic Response of Piping System Induced by Waterhammer Considering Support Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Okami ◽  
Shunji Kataoka ◽  
Takuro Honda
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Transient Load ◽  
Effect Of The Support

Waterhammer is the phenomenon which occurs due to rapid valve operation or sudden stop of pumps. When the waterhammer occurs, unbalanced pressure between elbows causes transient load on piping system. In the piping design against the waterhammer, it is necessary to evaluate the strength and the displacement of piping system against the transient load, and required to provide adequate piping supports. In the piping design, dynamic analysis and static analysis with DLF (Dynamic Load Factor) are often conducted to consider dynamic effect of the water hammer load. The piping support often regarded as rigid in the piping system analysis, however, because of support characteristic (flexibility, plastic behavior, sliding friction), the dynamic response of piping system changes from analysis result with rigid support. For this reason, support characteristics shall be considered adequately. Nevertheless, effect of the support characteristics on the piping design has not been discussed sufficiently. In this paper, to clarify the effect of the support characteristics against the waterhammer load, a series of the nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted. Based on the analysis results, the response spectra and the ductility charts considering the nonlinearities of the piping system were created. the design approach to properly control the displacement of piping system based on the nonlinear response spectra and ductility charts, is proposed, and the dynamic response against waterhammer load in the piping system of LNG loading line is discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of additional respiratory resistance in adolescents with increased sympathetic tone

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
В.О. Еркудов ◽  
А.П. Пуговкин
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
High Tone ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Additional Resistance

Изучены закономерности изменения вегетативного компонента регуляции деятельности сердца при включении дозированного дыхания с добавочным сопротивлением (ДДС) у подростков с исходным преобладанием тонуса симпатической нервной системы (ПТСНС). Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 17 человек, из них 8 юношей и 9 девушек, в возрасте от 14 до 17 лет. Всем добровольцам проводили регистрацию кардиоинтервалограммы с анализом вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР) до и во время дыхания c ДДС. Проводили анализ ВСР с выявлением вегетативного тонуса у детей с исходно ПТСНС. Результаты. Выявлено значимое снижение тонуса симпатической и возрастание тонуса парасимпатической нервной системы у детей с ПТСНС. Результаты работы позволяют прогнозировать изменения вегетативной регуляции деятельности сердца у детей в условиях закрытого помещения с длительно находящимися там людьми. Changes in neurogenic regulation of the heart function were studied after the onset of dosed lung ventilation with artificially increased total airway resistance in 8 male and 9 female adolescents aged 14-17 with originally high tone of the sympathetic system. Analysis of cardiointervalography and heart rate variability showed a significant decrease in sympathetic tone and an increase in parasympathetic tone due to the respiration with additional resistance, which can be regarded as a model for prediction of changes in neurogenic regulation of the heart function in children after a lengthy stay in a stuffy, enclosed area.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODELS TO OPTIMIZATION IN SYSTEM BIOTEHNICAL OF THE PLAYING CAR TRAINING

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
F. A. Pyatakovich ◽  
T. I. Yakunchenko ◽  
K. F. Makkonen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Statistics

The Purpose – its were developed multiparametric models and algorithms of the optimization playing training biooperated. In work are used methods of the system analysis, modeling, system technical analysis and constructing, mathematical statistics, methods of the computer analysis heart rate variability by means of sensor of the pulse and breathings.The Conclusion: its were designed two models of strategy playing, one – with installation on avoid of the failures and the second – on achievement of the success. The algorithms of the success and efficiency were formed for period of the termination of the biooperated play. 

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