Long-term increases in neuronal activity in the motor cortex evoked by simultaneous stimulation of the thalamus and somatosensory cortex in cats

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kimura ◽  
R. Grigor'yan ◽  
H. Asanuma
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Simultaneous Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Pre-motor versus motor cerebral cortex neuromodulation for chronic neuropathic pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Lavrov ◽  
Timur Latypov ◽  
Elvira Mukhametova ◽  
Brian Lundstrom ◽  
Paola Sandroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractElectrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex (ESCC) has been used to treat intractable neuropathic pain for nearly two decades, however, no standardized approach for this technique has been developed. In order to optimize targeting and validate the effect of ESCC before placing the permanent grid, we introduced initial assessment with trial stimulation, using a temporary grid of subdural electrodes. In this retrospective study we evaluate the role of electrode location on cerebral cortex in control of neuropathic pain and the role of trial stimulation in target-optimization for ESCC. Location of the temporary grid electrodes and location of permanent electrodes were evaluated in correlation with the long-term efficacy of ESCC. The results of this study demonstrate that the long-term effect of subdural pre-motor cortex stimulation is at least the same or higher compare to effect of subdural motor or combined pre-motor and motor cortex stimulation. These results also demonstrate that the initial trial stimulation helps to optimize permanent electrode positions in relation to the optimal functional target that is critical in cases when brain shift is expected. Proposed methodology and novel results open a new direction for development of neuromodulation techniques to control chronic neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Disrupted Central Inhibition after Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex in Schizophrenia with Long-Term Antipsychotic Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aulikki Ahlgrén-Rimpiläinen ◽  
Hannu Lauerma ◽  
Seppo Kähkönen ◽  
Ilpo Rimpiläinen
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Aims. Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with mental and motor disturbances. We aimed to investigate motor control, especially central silent period (CSP) in subjects with schizophrenia (n=11) on long-term antipsychotic treatment compared to healthy controls (n=9). Methods. Latency and duration of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and CSPs were measured with the help of single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and intramuscular electrodes. After stimulation of the dominant and nondominant motor cortex of abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle areas, respective responses were measured on the contralateral side. Results. MEPs did not differ significantly between the groups. Multiple CSPs were found predominantly in subjects with schizophrenia, which showed a higher number of CSPs in the dominant ADM and the longest summarized duration of CSPs in the nondominant ADM (P<0.05) compared to controls. Conclusions. There were multiple CSPs predominantly in the upper extremities and in the dominant body side in subjects with schizophrenia. Behind multiple CSPs may lie an impaired regulation of excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in central motor pathways. Further research is needed to clarify the role of the intramuscular recording methods and the effect of antipsychotics on the results.

scholarly journals How does transcranial DC stimulation of the primary motor cortex alter regional neuronal activity in the human brain?

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lang ◽  
Hartwig R. Siebner ◽  
Nick S. Ward ◽  
Lucy Lee ◽  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Deactivation of Distant Pain-Related Regions Induced by 20-day rTMS: A Case Study of Oneweek Pain Relief for Long-Term Intractable Deafferentation Pain

2014 ◽  
Vol 17;1 (1;17) ◽  
pp. E99-E105
Author(s):  
Wen-Dong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Deafferentation Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Deafferentation pain secondary to brachial plexus avulsion, spinal cord injury, and other peripheral nerve injuries is often refractory to conventional treatments. Stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) has been proven to be an effective treatment for intractable deafferentation pain. The mechanisms underlying the attenuation of deafferentation pain by motor cortex stimulation remain hypothetical. Objectives: The purpose of this case report is to: (1) summarize a case in which a patient suffering chronic intractable deafferentation pain for 25 years underwent rTMS treatment over M1, (2) describe the evidence from PET imaging, and (3) reveal a possible relief mechanism with cortical plasticity. Study design: Case report. Setting: University hospital. Results: This patient had successful pain control with no transient or lasting side effects. The pain relief remained stable for at least one week. At the end of the 20-day procedure, pain relief was obtained according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (-34.6%) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) (-31.6%). In the PET/CT scans, the glucose metabolism was significantly reduced contralaterally to the pain side in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and caudate nucleus. There was no statistically significant difference in any other cortical area. Limitations: Single case of a patient with long-term intractable deafferentation pain having a PET study. Conclusion: This study implies that a single session of 20 Hz rTMS over the motor cortex could reduce the pain level in patients suffering from long-term, intractable deafferentation pain. The stimulation of the M1 induces deactivation in the ACC, insula, and caudate nucleus. The changes in these pain-related regions may mirror an adaptive mechanism to pain relief after rTMS treatment. Key words: Neuropathic pain management, deafferentation pain, transcranial magnetic stimulation, motor cortex stimulation, cortical plasticity, positron emission tomography

Interactions of area postrema and solitary tract in the nucleus tractus solitarius

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (5) ◽  
pp. H1466-H1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hay ◽  
V. S. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Simultaneous Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Afferents ◽  
Stimulation Of

The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) receives information from both area postrema (AP) and peripheral afferents. It is, therefore, one likely site of interaction between AP and peripheral afferent fibers. The present study's purpose was to determine the influence of AP stimulation on solitary tract-induced modulation of NTS neuronal activity. With the use of an in vitro rabbit brain slice preparation, extracellular recordings were made from 58 NTS neurons in which action potentials were evoked by both solitary tract and AP stimulation. In the majority of the cells tested, simultaneous stimulation of solitary tract and AP, at voltage levels that evoked no action potentials when stimulated separately, resulted in production of either single or multiple action potentials. In 27 units, stimulation levels to the solitary tract and to the AP were adjusted such that their respective separate stimulations produced an NTS action potential less than 30% of the time. When the two inputs were stimulated together, simultaneous stimulations produced an NTS action potential 100% of the time, suggesting a facilitatory interaction between the AP and the solitary tract on NTS neuronal activity. In nine cells, perfusion of the slice with clonidine induced a facilitation of solitary tract-evoked NTS response to a level similar to that seen during simultaneous stimulation of the solitary tract with the AP. Application of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine blocked the ability of both clonidine and AP to facilitate the solitary tract-evoked response. These results support a possible interaction between AP and peripheral afferents and suggest that AP stimulation facilitates effects of solitary tract activation at the level of the NTS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document