Wing dimorphism and the migratory syndrome: Correlated traits for migratory tendency in wing dimorphic insects

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne J. Fairbairn
Keyword(s):  
Wing Dimorphism ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
Migratory Syndrome

SHOULD INDIVIDUAL FITNESS INCREASE WITH HETEROZYGOSITY?

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-209
Author(s):  
Michael Turelli ◽  
Lev R Ginzburg
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Stable Product ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Average Fitness

ABSTRACT Natural selection influences not only gamete frequencies in populations but also the multilocus fitness structures associated with segregating gametes. In particular, only certain patterns of multilocus fitnesses are consistent with the maintenance of stable multilocus polymorphisms. This paper offers support for the proposition that, at stable, viability-maintained, multilocus polymorphisms, the fitness of a genotype tends to increase with the number of heterozygous loci it contains. Average fitness always increases with heterozygosity at stable product equilibria (i.e., those without linkage disequilibrium) maintained by either additive or multiplicative fitness schemes. Simulations suggest that it "generally" increases for arbitrary fitness schemes. The empirical literature correlating allozyme heterozygosity with fitness-correlated traits is discussed in the light of these and other theoretical results.

scholarly journals Grain yield and correlated traits of bread wheat lines: Implications for yield improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Ullah ◽  
Shahzadi Mahpara ◽  
Rehana Bibi ◽  
Rahmat Ullah Shah ◽  
Rehmat Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Pollination mode in fig wasps: the predictive power of correlated traits

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (1472) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Kjellberg ◽  
Emmanuelle Jousselin ◽  
Judith L. Bronstein ◽  
Aviva Patel ◽  
Jun Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
Pollination Mode

Genetic evaluation of somatic cell score in dairy cattle considering first and later lactations as two different but correlated traits

2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Negussie ◽  
M. Koivula ◽  
E.A. Mantysaari ◽  
M. Lidauer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Correlated Traits

XXVII.—The Inheritance of Long and Short Wings in the Weevil, Sitona hispidula, with a Discussion of Wing Reduction among Beetles

1928 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Reduction ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Evolutionary Point

It is well known that in many orders of typically winged insects species occur which in the adult stage are apterous or have the wings so reduced in size that flight is impossible. Sometimes the reduction of wings affects one sex only, as in the case of the females of certain moths, but in the majority of cases it is exhibited by both sexes. In many instances wing dimorphism occurs irrespective of sex, one form of the species having fully developed wings and the other greatly reduced wings. In some species the wings are polymorphic. The problem of the origin of reduced wings and of other functionless organs is one of great interest from the evolutionary point of view. Various theories have been advanced in explanation, but in the majority of cases the various aspects of the subject are too little known to warrant discussion. More experimental work is required to show how far environmental conditions on the one hand, and hereditary factors on the other, are responsible for this phenomenon. Those species which exhibit alary dimorphism afford material for the study of the inheritance of the two types of wings, but only in a few cases has this method of research been utilized.

Correlated traits for migration in the Gerridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera): a field test

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. FAIRBAIRN ◽  
T. C. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Correlated Traits

scholarly journals Assortative mating by flowering time and its effect on correlated traits in variable environments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Rubin ◽  
Kelly M. Schmid ◽  
Jannice Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
Variable Environments

scholarly journals Experimental evidence for density-determined wing dimorphism in two bush-crickets (Ensifera: Tettigoniidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik PONIATOWSKI ◽  
Thomas FARTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Wing Dimorphism ◽  
Bush Crickets

scholarly journals Disentangling selection on genetically correlated polygenic traits using whole-genome genealogies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Stern ◽  
Leo Speidel ◽  
Noah A. Zaitlen ◽  
Rasmus Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Polygenic Traits ◽  
Polygenic Trait

AbstractWe present a full-likelihood method to estimate and quantify polygenic adaptation from contemporary DNA sequence data. The method combines population genetic DNA sequence data and GWAS summary statistics from up to thousands of nucleotide sites in a joint likelihood function to estimate the strength of transient directional selection acting on a polygenic trait. Through population genetic simulations of polygenic trait architectures and GWAS, we show that the method substantially improves power over current methods. We examine the robustness of the method under uncorrected GWAS stratification, uncertainty and ascertainment bias in the GWAS estimates of SNP effects, uncertainty in the identification of causal SNPs, allelic heterogeneity, negative selection, and low GWAS sample size. The method can quantify selection acting on correlated traits, fully controlling for pleiotropy even among traits with strong genetic correlation (|rg| = 80%; c.f. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) while retaining high power to attribute selection to the causal trait. We apply the method to study 56 human polygenic traits for signs of recent adaptation. We find signals of directional selection on pigmentation (tanning, sunburn, hair, P=5.5e-15, 1.1e-11, 2.2e-6, respectively), life history traits (age at first birth, EduYears, P=2.5e-4, 2.6e-4, respectively), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, P=1.2e-3), bone mineral density (P=1.1e-3), and neuroticism (P=5.5e-3). We also conduct joint testing of 137 pairs of genetically correlated traits. We find evidence of widespread correlated response acting on these traits (2.6-fold enrichment over the null expectation, P=1.5e-7). We find that for several traits previously reported as adaptive, such as educational attainment and hair color, a significant proportion of the signal of selection on these traits can be attributed to correlated response, vs direct selection (P=2.9e-6, 1.7e-4, respectively). Lastly, our joint test uncovers antagonistic selection that has acted to increase type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk and decrease HbA1c (P=1.5e-5).

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