Influence of actinomycin D on the emotional/behavioral effects of morphine and formation of morphine addiction in adult and old rats

1. The specificity of the effect of glucose on the induction of glucokinase activity that occurs when hepatocytes freshly isolated from 13-day-old rats are incubated in Medium 199 together with insulin [Wakelam & Walker (1980) FEBS Lett. 111, 115-119] was examined. A pattern that is different from other known effects of glucose is found, and metabolism of this compound is not necessarily to account for this particular effect. 2. The effects of a raised glucose concentration and of insulin on the induction can be separated. The hexose initiates the process in the absence of insulin in a manner that is sensitive to actinomycin D but not to cycloheximide. The subsequent effect of insulin is dependent on the prior effect of glucose or other positive analogue, does not require the presence of glucose and is inhibited by cycloheximide but not by actinomycin D. 3. Induction of glucokinase in vitro in hepatocytes from neonatal animals is inhibited by adrenaline, glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, but not by vasopressin or angiotensin II. The inhibition by cyclic AMP is on the stage requiring insulin and is comparatively specific, because total protein synthesis is not apparently diminished. 4. The implications of these results are discussed with reference to possible mechanisms of induction and to the situation in vivo.

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Old rats are unresponsive to the behavioral effects of adrenocorticotropin

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/0014-2999(94)90781-1 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 271 (2-3) ◽

pp. 253-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rosanna Poggioli ◽

Augusta Benelli ◽

Rossana Arletti ◽

Anna Valeria Vergoni ◽

Barbara Menozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Effects ◽

Old Rats

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Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Effects of Flunarizine in Young and Old Rats

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/03331024850050s223 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 125-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Filippo Drago ◽

Giuseppe Continella ◽

Orazio Mangano ◽

Pier Luigi Canonico ◽

Renato Bernardini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Avoidance ◽

Chronic Treatment ◽

Conditioned Avoidance ◽

Behavioral Effects ◽

Acute Administration ◽

Plasma Prolactin ◽

Acquisition Session ◽

Old Rats ◽

Plasma Prl ◽

Active Avoidance Behavior

Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects following an acute or chronic treatment with the calcium antagonist, flunarizine, have been studied in young and old rats. Both in young and old rats, acute administration of flunarizine (2 mg/kg) failed to modify plasma prolactin (PRL) levels, as measured at 8.00 a.m., 4.00 p.m. and 12.00 p.m. A chronic treatment with flunarizine (0.5 mg/kg/day, for 20 days) in young rats was followed by a relevant, albeit statistically not significant, increase in plasma PRL levels, as measured at 8.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m., and by a significant decrease at 12.00 p.m. A shift of nocturnal peak of plasma PRL levels from 12.00 p.m. to 4.00 a.m. was observed in these animals. A chronic treatment with flunarizine in old rats was followed by a significant increase in plasma PRL levels, as measured at 12.00 p.m. The acquisition of active avoidance behavior was studied in a shuttle-box test. Acute administration of flunarizine failed to change the performance of young and old rats in acquiring the behavioral response, as measured by the total number of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs) and the percentage of learners. When flunarizine was administered chronically, a decrease in CARs and learners was observed both in young and old rats. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the percentage of animals that froze during the acquisition session. No significant effect was found in young and old rats tested in a “despair” test after a chronic treatment with flunarizine.

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Role of adrenaline and cyclic AMP in appearance of tyrosine aminotransferase in perinatal rat liver

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1900685 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 190 (3) ◽

pp. 685-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A V Ghisalberti ◽

J G Steele ◽

M H Cake ◽

M C McGrath ◽

I T Oliver

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Actinomycin D ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽

Newborn Rats ◽

Aminotransferase Activity ◽

Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽

Old Rats

1. Adrenaline increased hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity when injected into foetal rats or 2-day-old rats. 2. The inhibition of the postnatal increase in tyrosine aminotransferase activity which occurred in adrenalectomized newborn rats rapidly overcome by injection of adrenaline or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. 3. The effects of adrenaline or dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the tyrosine aminotransferase activity in foetal, adrenalectomized newborn and 2-day-old rats could be partially or completely blocked by prior treatment with actinomycin D. 4. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP induced tyrosine aminotransferase activity in hepatocytes cultured from 15-day foetal rats in glucocorticoid-free medium. 5. Actinomycin D at 0.2 microgram/ml in the culture medium completely prevented the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase activity by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in cultured cells. 6. The results suggest that adrenaline and cyclic AMP stimulate a transcriptional event during induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in perinatal liver.

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Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050755 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 148-149

Author(s):

D. E. Philpott ◽

A. Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Basement Membrane ◽

Coronary Vessels ◽

Ruthenium Red ◽

E Coli ◽

Old Rats ◽

The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

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Effect of Some Metabolic Inhibitors on Vinblastine-Induced Ribosomal-Granular Material Complexes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066796 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 548-549

Author(s):

Awtar Krishan ◽

Dora Hsu

Keyword(s):

Granular Material ◽

Rna Synthesis ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Actinomycin D ◽

Metabolic Inhibitors ◽

Protein And Rna Synthesis ◽

Apparent Reduction ◽

Plant Alkaloids ◽

In Cells

Cells exposed to antitumor plant alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine sulfate have large proteinacious crystals and complexes of ribosomes, helical polyribosomes and electron-dense granular material (ribosomal complexes) in their cytoplasm, Binding of H3-colchicine by the in vivo crystals shows that they contain microtubular proteins. Association of ribosomal complexes with the crystals suggests that these structures may be interrelated.In the present study cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM), were incubated with protein and RNA-synthesis inhibitors, p. fluorophenylalanine, puromycin, cycloheximide or actinomycin-D before the addition of crystal-inducing doses of vinblastine to the culture medium. None of these compounds could completely prevent the formation of the ribosomal complexes or the crystals. However, in cells pre-incubated with puromycin, cycloheximide, or actinomycin-D, a reduction in the number and size of the ribosomal complexes was seen. Large helical polyribosomes were absent in the ribosomal complexes of cells treated with puromycin, while in cells exposed to cycloheximide, there was an apparent reduction in the number of ribosomes associated with the ribosomal complexes (Fig. 2).

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Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103826 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 352-353

Author(s):

G. Ilse ◽

K. Kovacs ◽

N. Ryan ◽

T. Sano ◽

L. Stefaneanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽

Aging Male ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Old Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

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