The fermentation of cell wall substances in grass silage and in potato pulp

1957 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. de Man
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Potato Pulp

The effect of biological additives on the composition and nutritive value of silage

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
M Gonzalez Yanez ◽  
R Mcginn ◽  
D H Anderson ◽  
A R Henderson ◽  
P Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Harvester

It Is claimed that the use of the correct enzyme system as an additive on grass silage will satisfactorily control the fermentation and reduce the cell-wall fibre content, thus preserving the nutrients In the silage and aiding their utilisation by the animal (Henderson and McDonald, 1977; Huhtanen et al, 1985; Raurama et al, 1987; Chamberlain and Robertson, 1989; Gordon, 1989;).The aim of the present experiment was to assess the effect of biological additives, enzymes or a combination of enzymes with an Inoculum of lactic acid bacteria, on the composition of silage and on its nutritive value when offered to store lambs as the sole constituent of their diet.On 1st June 1988, first cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) at pre-ear emergence was ensiled direct cut untreated (U), treated with a commercial enzyme (E) or with a commercial inoculum of lactic acid bacteria with enzymes (I) in 6t capacity bunker silos. The grass was cut with a mower and lifted with a New Holland precision chop forage harvester. The additives were pumped onto the grass using a dribble bar sited over the pick-up drum.

scholarly journals Effect of Replacing Rolled Corn with Potato Pulp Silage in Grass Silage-based Diets on Nitrogen Utilization by Steers

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aibibula ◽  
A. Okine ◽  
M. Hanada ◽  
S. Murata ◽  
M. Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Potato Pulp

scholarly journals Digestibility of grass silage.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
A. Steg ◽  
S.F. Spoelstra ◽  
J.M. van der Meer ◽  
V.A. Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

A total of 50 grass silages were tested in digestibility trials using Texel wethers. The feed silages were wilted of varying DM contents and treated with cell-wall degrading enzymes. The accuracy of feed evaluation was studied using laboratory analyses, including cell-wall analyses, incubation in vitro with rumen fluid and the enzymic procedure. A comparison was made between these results and the current and recently suggested procedures for prediction of digestibility of grass silage. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Prediction of intake potential of unwilted grass silage by dairy cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 2-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Huhtanen ◽  
H. Khalili ◽  
J.I. Nousiainen ◽  
S. Jaakkola ◽  
T. Heikkilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
N Fractions ◽  
D Value

The intake potential of silage is determined by the intrinsic characteristics of parent herbage, e.g. plant species, cell wall content and digestibility. Measured intake may, however, be markedly reduced due to modifications of carbohydrate and N fractions during ensilage, and therefore the relationship between digestibility and intake has been weaker for ensiled than dried forages. Increased proteolysis and extent of fermentation have generally decreased silage DM intake (SDMI). However, correlations between fermentation characteristics and SDMI reported in literature are generally weak, particularly those based on individual cows data. In addition to D-value (g DOM/kg DM) and fermentation quality, SDMI is also influenced by DM content, amount and type of concentrates fed, production level and stage of lactation. Gordon et al. (1998) measured SDMI under standardized conditions in cattle and developed straight NIRS calibrations for the prediction of SDMI. The purpose of this study was to develop a SDMI index describing the relative intake potential using available data based on mean treatment digestibility, fermentation characteristics and SDMI values.

Measurement of the rate and extent of cell wall degradability in forages; a comparison of three methods

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
E. R. Deaville ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Cell Wall Degradability ◽  
Nutritional Potential

Forage cell wall content (CWC), accounting for 400 to 600 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) (Van Soest, 1982) and its rumen degradability (CWD) are major factors influencing the animal's energy supply from forages. Therefore, in order to maximise the nutritional potential of forages for ruminants, the ability to accurately and rapidly measure CWD is crucial. This is becoming increasingly important as feed evaluation methods move towards assessing nutrient supply. While the measurement of CWD is largely based on the polyester bag technique an experiment was undertaken to study the potential of measuring CWD in vitro for different forage types.Three methods of measuring CWD were compared using four samples each of grass (G), grass silage (GS), maize silage (MS) and straw (S) in a factorial design. The methods were; 1) fresh (undried) forage, chopped to 1 cm lengths using an homogeniser, was incubated in the rumens of sheep in polyester bags (pore size 43um) for different lengths of time (0, 3, 8, 16, 24, 45 and 72h).

scholarly journals The effect of sucrose supplements on particle-associated carboxymethylcellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) activities in cattle given grass-silage-based diet

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Cell Wall Carbohydrates ◽  
Highly Correlated

Carboxymethylcellulase (EC3.2.1.4; CMCase) and xylanase (EC3.2.1.8) activities were assayed in rumen fluid and from microbes closely associated either with rumen particulate material or with feed particles incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of cattle. The cattle were fitted with a permanent rumen cannula and a simple ‘T’-piece duodenal cannula and were given four diets in a 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment. The basal diet (diet C) consisted of grass silage, barley and rapeseed meal (700, 240 and 60 g/kg total dry matter (DM)) given at the rate of 5·3 kg/d or supplemented with 1·0 kg sucrose/d given twice daily (diet S), twice daily with 0·25 kg sodium bicarbonate/d (diet B) or as a continuous intrarumen infusion (diet I). Giving sucrose supplements decreased CMCase and xylanase activities extracted from microbes associated with rumen particulate material or feed particles incubated in nylon bags as compared with diet C. Supplementation of the sucrose diet with sodium bicarbonate resulted in higher CMCase and xylanase activities than other sucrose diets (S and I). Particle-associated CMCase and xylanase activities were found to be very sensitive in detecting differences in the rumen environment and were related to changes in cell wall digestion. The activities were highly correlated with disappearance of DM and neutral-detergent fibre from nylon bags incubated in the rumen, rumen and total digestion of cell-wall carbohydrates and rumen pool size of cell-wall carbohydrates. It was concluded that the attachment of fibrinolytic enzymes is involved in the depression of fibre digestion. Particle-associated CMCase and xylanase activities were much higher when measured from rumen particulate material than from feed particles incubated in nylon bags.

Measurement of the rate and extent of cell wall degradability in forages; a comparison of three methods

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
E. R. Deaville ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Cell Wall Degradability ◽  
Nutritional Potential

Forage cell wall content (CWC), accounting for 400 to 600 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) (Van Soest, 1982) and its rumen degradability (CWD) are major factors influencing the animal's energy supply from forages. Therefore, in order to maximise the nutritional potential of forages for ruminants, the ability to accurately and rapidly measure CWD is crucial. This is becoming increasingly important as feed evaluation methods move towards assessing nutrient supply. While the measurement of CWD is largely based on the polyester bag technique an experiment was undertaken to study the potential of measuring CWD in vitro for different forage types.Three methods of measuring CWD were compared using four samples each of grass (G), grass silage (GS), maize silage (MS) and straw (S) in a factorial design. The methods were; 1) fresh (undried) forage, chopped to 1 cm lengths using an homogeniser, was incubated in the rumens of sheep in polyester bags (pore size 43um) for different lengths of time (0, 3, 8, 16, 24, 45 and 72h).

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