Activation of HERV-K LTR by viral transactivators

1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (S1) ◽  
pp. S5-S5
Author(s):  
B. Hasenmaier ◽  
K. Thelen ◽  
R. Löwer ◽  
S. Schaefer ◽  
R. Kurth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Transactivators

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr Virus LF2 Protein Regulates Viral Replication by Altering Rta Subcellular Localization

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
pp. 9920-9931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas M. F. Heilmann ◽  
Michael A. Calderwood ◽  
Eric Johannsen
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Lytic Replication ◽  
Promoter Activation ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Artificial Transcription Factor ◽  
Viral Transactivators ◽  
Epstein Barr

ABSTRACT The switch from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection to lytic replication is governed by two viral transactivators, Zta and Rta. We previously reported that the EBV protein LF2 binds Rta, inhibits Rta promoter activation, and blocks EBV replication in cells. In addition, LF2 induces SUMO2/3 modification of Rta. We now show that this modification occurs at four lysines within the Rta activation domain (426, 446, 517, and 530) and that sumoylation of Rta is not essential for its repression. Coexpression studies demonstrated that Rta is sequestered to the extranuclear cytoskeleton in the presence of LF2. We mapped the LF2 binding site to Rta amino acids (aa) 476 to 519 and showed that LF2 binding is critical for Rta relocalization and repression. The core of this binding site, Rta aa 500 to 526, confers LF2-mediated relocalization and repression onto the artificial transcription factor GAL4-VP16. Mutational analysis of LF2 provided further evidence that Rta redistribution is essential for repression. Rta localization changes during replication of the LF2-positive P3HR1 genome, but not during replication of the LF2-negative B95-8 genome. BLRF2 protein expression was decreased and delayed in P3HR1 cells compared with B95-8 cells, consistent with reduced Rta activity. By contrast, BMRF1 expression, regulated primarily by Zta, did not differ significantly between the two cell lines. Our results support a model in which LF2 regulates EBV replication by binding to Rta and redistributing it out of the nucleus.

Characterization of a thiourea derivative that targets viral transactivators of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1

2021 ◽  
pp. 105207
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kondo ◽  
Tetsuo Koshizuka ◽  
Ryuichi Majima ◽  
Keita Takahashi ◽  
Ken Ishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Thiourea Derivative ◽  
Viral Transactivators ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Distinct gene expression signatures induced by viral transactivators of different HTLV-1 subgroups that confer a different risk of HAM/TSP

Retrovirology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadasuke Naito ◽  
Jun-ichirou Yasunaga ◽  
Yuichi Mitobe ◽  
Kazumasa Shirai ◽  
Hiroe Sejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Distinct Gene ◽  
Gene Expression Signatures ◽  
Viral Transactivators

scholarly journals Diametrically opposed effects of hypoxia and oxidative stress on two viral transactivators

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber T Washington ◽  
Gyanendra Singh ◽  
Ashok Aiyar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Viral Transactivators ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Genetically engineered chimeric viruses for the treatment of diseases associated with viral transactivators

Biofutur ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (167) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
P Tattersall ◽  
S Cotmore
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Viral Transactivators ◽  
Chimeric Viruses

scholarly journals Alternative Promoters Drive Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation from Latency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Collins-McMillen ◽  
Mike Rak ◽  
Jason Buehler ◽  
Suzu Igarashi-Hayes ◽  
Jeremy Kamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Alternative Promoters ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Reactivation ◽  
Viral Transactivators ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Major Immediate Early Promoter

ABSTRACTReactivation from latency requires reinitiation of viral gene expression and culminates in the production of infectious progeny. The major immediate early promoter (MIEP) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) drives the expression of crucial lytic cycle transactivators but is silenced during latency in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Because the MIEP is poorly active in HPCs, it is unclear how viral transactivators are expressed during reactivation. We demonstrate that transcripts originating from alternative promoters within the canonical major immediate early locus are abundantly expressed upon reactivation, whereas MIEP-derived transcripts remain undetectable. Further, we show that these promoters are necessary for efficient reactivation in primary CD34+ HPCs. Our findings change the paradigm for HCMV reactivation by demonstrating that promoter switching governs reactivation from viral latency in a context-specific manner.

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