Mass supplementation of Vitamin A linked to National Immunization Day

OBJECTIVE To analyze the costs of vaccination regimens for introducing inactivated polio vaccine in routine immunization in Brazil.METHODS A cost analysis was conducted for vaccines in five vaccination regimens, including inactivated polio vaccine, compared with the oral polio vaccine-only regimen. The costs of the vaccines were estimated for routine use and for the “National Immunization Days”, during when the oral polio vaccine is administered to children aged less than five years, independent of their vaccine status, and the strategic stock of inactivated polio vaccine. The presented estimated costs are of 2011.RESULTS The annual costs of the oral vaccine-only program (routine and two National Immunization Days) were estimated at US$19,873,170. The incremental costs of inclusion of the inactivated vaccine depended on the number of vaccine doses, presentation of the vaccine (bottles with single dose or ten doses), and number of “National Immunization Days” carried out. The cost of the regimen adopted with two doses of inactivated vaccine followed by three doses of oral vaccine and one “National Immunization Day” was estimated at US$29,653,539. The concomitant replacement of the DTPw/Hib and HepB vaccines with the pentavalent vaccine enabled the introduction of the inactivated polio without increasing the number of injections or number of visits needed to complete the vaccination.CONCLUSIONS The introduction of the inactivated vaccine increased the annual costs of the polio vaccines by 49.2% compared with the oral vaccine-only regimen. This increase represented 1.13% of the expenditure of the National Immunization Program on the purchase of vaccines in 2011.

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Validation of Administrative Coverage for Vitamin a Supplementation and Deworming through Integrated National Immunization Days in Guinea

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2015/21138 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 871-872

Author(s):

Mohamed Yattara ◽

Lansana Massandouno ◽

Mohamed Fofana ◽

Mariam Hann ◽

Souleymane Dioubaté ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

National Immunization

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National immunization day to assess nutritional status of underfives in chandigarh

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/bf02802627 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 15-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

H. M. Swami ◽

J. S. Thakur ◽

S. P. S. Bhatia ◽

Kamaljit Singh ◽

V. K. Bhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

National Immunization ◽

National Immunization Day

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Limited Diversity of Measles Field Isolates after a National Immunization Day in Burkina Faso: Progress from Endemic to Epidemic Transmission?

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/368036 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 187 (s1) ◽

pp. S277-S282 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Mick N. Mulders ◽

Yacouba K. Nebie ◽

Fred Fack ◽

Tetyana Kapitanyuk ◽

Oumar Sanou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Field Isolates ◽

National Immunization ◽

National Immunization Day

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The effect of vitamin A supplementation administered with missing vaccines during national immunization days in Guinea-Bissau

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyn195 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 304-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

C. S. Benn ◽

C. Martins ◽

A. Rodrigues ◽

H. Ravn ◽

A. B. Fisker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Guinea Bissau ◽

National Immunization

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Effect of Vitamin A supplementation on preventing recurrent acute lower respiratory tract infections in children

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192767 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1632

Author(s):

Murthy Kanakala ◽

Karunakar Pediredla ◽

Natarajan Pachiappan ◽

Rajendran Ramachari Ramayi ◽

Tanveer Rehman

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Immunization Programme ◽

National Immunization ◽

National Immunization Programme ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRTI) remains the major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in under-five children. Vitamin A has a protective role against infections in children. Vitamin A supplementation is given to under-five children as part of the National Immunization Programme in India. The aim of this study was to find out the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in preventing the recurrent ALRTI (≥3 episodes per year) in under-five children.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to find out the role of vitamin A supplementation in reducing recurrent ALRTI in under-five children who were enrolled in Anganwadi centers (AWC’s) in Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Two hundred children of 1-5 years of age were selected by random systematic sampling. History was elicited and documents about vitamin A supplementation and previous episodes of ALRTI were verified. The association between recurrence of ALRTI and vitamin A supplementation was analyzed using chi-square test.Results: The mean age of the children in this study is 24±8 months. The median number of episodes of ALRTI per year is 2 (1-3). Among 200 children enrolled in the study, 127 (63.5%) children received vitamin A supplementation and 73 (36.5%) did not receive it. There is a significant decrease in the number of ALRTI episodes (less than 3 episodes per year) in the children who received vitamin A supplementation (p <0.001).Conclusions: Vitamin A supplementation along with the National Immunization Programme had shown reduced ALRTI episodes. Since, the number of ALTRI episodes are directly proportional to mortality due to pneumonia, reduction in number of episodes can decrease the Under-five mortality. Vitamin A supplementation is an important programme in this regard and needs to be scrupulously carried out.

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COMMUNITY AWARENESS ABOUT LEPROSY IN A DISTRICT OF NEPAL

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.821 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 42 (147) ◽

pp. 137-141

Author(s):

Sudha Agrawal ◽

N Jha ◽

A Agarwalla ◽

C S Agrawal ◽

S Niroula

Keyword(s):

Effective Means ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Community Awareness ◽

National Immunization ◽

Free Treatment ◽

High Prevalence ◽

National Immunization Day ◽

Elimination Goal

ABSTRACTNepal is one of the countries with high prevalence of leprosy. In general, the prevalence of the disease isrelatively higher in the plains than in the hills. We analyzed the knowledge of leprosy in the community bya structured questionnaires study. The sources of information from where they acquired the knowledgewere also studied. This study was done in Sunsari district of Nepal on National Immunization Day program.Out of 1647 respondents, 60% were female. The majority (74%) was between 20–40 years of the age group.Agricultural workers constituted 58%. One third of the respondents were illiterates. Approximately 60%of the respondents knew the cause and symptoms of leprosy. “Leprosy is curable” was felt by 81.8%.Although 75% of the respondents knew that drugs for leprosy were available free of cost, the goal ofelimination was understood by only 51% of respondents. The younger individuals had better knowledge ofthe cause and availability of the free treatment of leprosy. The females had equal knowledge about cure, buthad less knowledge of the cause, symptoms, availability of the free treatment and elimination goal. Illiterates,laborers and unemployed had significantly less knowledge of leprosy. There was no difference seen betweendifferent levels of education in literate groups. Radio was the single most effective means of providinginformation, education and communications about leprosy. A good knowledge of leprosy inculcates a positiveattitude towards leprosy. In general this may result in better case reporting and regularity of treatment aswell as fewer deformities.Key Words: Leprosy, Community Awareness.

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