scholarly journals Polio inactivated vaccine costs into routine childhood immunization in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marli Christovam Sartori ◽  
Margarete Paganotti Vicentine ◽  
Lígia Castelloni Figueiredo Gryninger ◽  
Patricia Coelho de Soárez ◽  
Hillegonda Maria Dutilh Novaes
Keyword(s):  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Inactivated Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
National Immunization Day ◽  
The Cost

OBJECTIVE To analyze the costs of vaccination regimens for introducing inactivated polio vaccine in routine immunization in Brazil.METHODS A cost analysis was conducted for vaccines in five vaccination regimens, including inactivated polio vaccine, compared with the oral polio vaccine-only regimen. The costs of the vaccines were estimated for routine use and for the “National Immunization Days”, during when the oral polio vaccine is administered to children aged less than five years, independent of their vaccine status, and the strategic stock of inactivated polio vaccine. The presented estimated costs are of 2011.RESULTS The annual costs of the oral vaccine-only program (routine and two National Immunization Days) were estimated at US$19,873,170. The incremental costs of inclusion of the inactivated vaccine depended on the number of vaccine doses, presentation of the vaccine (bottles with single dose or ten doses), and number of “National Immunization Days” carried out. The cost of the regimen adopted with two doses of inactivated vaccine followed by three doses of oral vaccine and one “National Immunization Day” was estimated at US$29,653,539. The concomitant replacement of the DTPw/Hib and HepB vaccines with the pentavalent vaccine enabled the introduction of the inactivated polio without increasing the number of injections or number of visits needed to complete the vaccination.CONCLUSIONS The introduction of the inactivated vaccine increased the annual costs of the polio vaccines by 49.2% compared with the oral vaccine-only regimen. This increase represented 1.13% of the expenditure of the National Immunization Program on the purchase of vaccines in 2011.

scholarly journals Assessment of vaccine wastage in an immunization clinic of a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4959
Author(s):  
Nabanita Chakraborty ◽  
Gautam Kumar Joardar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Wastage Rate ◽  
The Cost

Background: Universal Immunization Programme was launched by Government of India in 1985 with the aim of immunizing all children and pregnant women across the country free of cost. However high vaccine wastage and lack of proper vaccine management could not meet the demand and increased the cost.Methods: A descriptive record based study was conducted in the immunization clinic of KPC Medical College and Hospital. Vaccination records of all children and pregnant women attending clinic from 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2019 was retrieved from the immunization registers.Results: Wastage rate was found to be highest for bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine vaccine (68.9%) and lowest for oral polio vaccine (27.7%). Wastage rate was higher for 10 dose vial vaccine compared to 5 dose vial and 20 dose vial vaccine and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.00001).The wastage rate was higher for lyophilized vaccine compared to liquid vaccine and for injectable vaccine compared to oral vaccine. These differences were also statistically significant (p<0.00001).Conclusions: Thus regular monitoring of immunization sessions should be done to estimate the vaccine wastage in each session. Reducing wastage is expected to increase the quality and efficiency of the programme and also reduce the cost without compromising the coverage.

scholarly journals The case for replacing live oral polio vaccine with inactivated vaccine in the Americas

The Lancet ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 395 (10230) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Jorge A Alfaro-Murillo ◽  
Marí L Ávila-Agüero ◽  
Meagan C Fitzpatrick ◽  
Caroline J Crystal ◽  
Luiza-Helena Falleiros-Arlant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Polio Vaccine

scholarly journals Impact of Maternal Antibody on the Immunogenicity of Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Infants Immunized With Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine: Implications for the Polio Eradication Endgame

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S57-S65 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T Gaensbauer ◽  
Chris Gast ◽  
Ananda S Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Miguel O’Ryan ◽  
Xavier Saez-Llorens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Inactivated Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Vaccine

scholarly journals Analysis of Vaccine Supply and Demand in National Immunization Program for Children and the need for Establishing Vaccine Stockpiles in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Ning ◽  
Cui Jian ◽  
Liu Yi ◽  
Zhang Guomin
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Average Price ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
China Academy ◽  
Group A

Abstract Introduction The number of vaccines used in China's childhood immunization program had continued to increase, from four in 1978 to ten in 2019. We described the supply and demand of vaccines, and compared the ratio of vaccine supply and demand of each vaccine to illustrate the shortage of vaccines and the need of vaccine stockpiles in China. Methods We downloaded the manufacturers supplying vaccines and the vaccination requirements for the national immunization program for children from 2016 to 2019 in the National Immunization Program Information system, as well as the batch issue data of biological products from the official website of China Academy of Food and Drug Control (CFDA). Vaccine prices were obtained from Chinese Central Government Procurement (CCGP).The demand, supply, and the ratio of vaccine supply and demand of each vaccine were calculated respectively. Results On average, five out of ten vaccines were supplied by three or more enterprises, three kinds of vaccines were supplied by two enterprises and two kinds of vaccines were supplied only by one enterprise between 2016 to 2019. The ratio of vaccine supply and demand of Diphtheria-tetanus and Group A meningitis polysaccharide were 79.52% and 67.99% respectively, with a potential shortage. There were three vaccines with a supply-demand ratio below 80% in 2016–2018, and five in 2019. The number of potential vaccine shortage was increasing. The average price of vaccines with potential shortage was $ 0.28. The average price of other vaccines without shortage was $ 1.8. Conclusions Most vaccines used in the childhood immunization program are available to meet demand, but there are also some vaccines with the risk of shortage and the number of vaccines with the risk of shortage tends to increase. The next step is to develop a national stockpiling mechanism to avoid a shortage of vaccines.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the utilization of inactivated polio vaccine among children aged 12 to 23 months in Kalungu District, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i30-i37
Author(s):  
Mirembe Rachel Faith ◽  
Babirye Juliet ◽  
Nathan Tumuhamye ◽  
Tumwebaze Mathias ◽  
Emma Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inactivated Polio Vaccine ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Eradication Strategy

Abstract Uganda officially introduced the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in May 2016 as part of the polio eradication strategy and integrated it into its routine immunization programme in addition to the oral polio vaccine. The current coverage stands at 60% as of July 2017. We therefore aimed to determine factors associated with the uptake of IPV among children in Kalungu District so as to inform the implementation of the vaccine policy. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers of 406 eligible children aged 12–23 months through multi-stage systematic sampling and a standardized semi-structured questionnaire. Nine key informant interviews were conducted through purposive selection of health care providers and members of Village Health Teams (VHTs) based on their expertize. Modified Poisson regression and thematic content analysis were used to determine factors significant to IPV uptake among children. 71% of sampled children aged 12–23 months had received IPV in Kalungu District. The survey found that being encouraged by health workers and VHTs was significant to children’s uptake of IPV (Adjusted PR 1.24, 95% CI; 1.22–3.47). Distance to the immunization point (Adjusted PR 0.32,95% CI; 0.16–0.62) and caregiver’s education level (Adjusted PR 1.16,95% CI; 1.05–2.22) were also associated with IPV uptake. Qualitative findings from health workers and VHT members further confirmed the perception that distance to the immunization post was important, and VHTs also stated that being encouraged by health workers was critical to IPV uptake. The current prevalence of IPV uptake among children aged 12–23 months in Kalungu is 71%, higher than the last reported national coverage (60%), though still below the recommended national coverage of 95%. Efforts should be focused on sensitization of caregivers through health workers and VHTs. Immunization outreach should be strengthened so as to bring services closer to patients.

scholarly journals Estimating the cost-effectiveness of an infant 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine national immunization program in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0201245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunling Shen ◽  
Matthew Wasserman ◽  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Yong-Hong Yang ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
The Cost
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