Assessment of cold-chain maintenance in vaccine carriers during Pulse Polio National Immunization Day in a rural block of India

A container was developed for the transport and conservation of immunological products under low temperatures of between 2 and 8 º C, within a time span of 8 hours. The container is practical, simple and userfriendly, and can be used in places without electric power, and all these advantages are added of low operational costs. The container proposed aims at meeeting the demand of the Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI- the National Immunization Program), through Cold Chain, which sets the standards for all the procedures concerning conservation, handling, distribution and transport of the vaccine from the laboratory that produces it to the moment of inoculation.Innitially, the container was specifically developed for Vaccine for Inactive Influenza Virus against flu, which, according to a survey conducted with laboratories, is the most widely consumed, and whose conservation time span is also applicable to other immunobiologicals After the design and construction of the prototype, the container was exhaustively tested under different weather conditions. The results of the experiment are being exposed and discussed in this paper and the prototype lived up to the expectations of the reserachers in terms of the time spans and temperatures foreseen for the conservation of the vaccine selected.

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Use of a Novel Real-Time PCR Assay To Detect Oral Polio Vaccine Shedding and Reversion in Stool and Sewage Samples after a Mexican National Immunization Day

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.02524-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 1777-1783 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S. B. Troy ◽

L. Ferreyra-Reyes ◽

C. Huang ◽

N. Mahmud ◽

Y.-J. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Oral Polio Vaccine ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Polio Vaccine ◽

National Immunization ◽

National Immunization Day

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Polio inactivated vaccine costs into routine childhood immunization in Brazil

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005492 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Marli Christovam Sartori ◽

Margarete Paganotti Vicentine ◽

Lígia Castelloni Figueiredo Gryninger ◽

Patricia Coelho de Soárez ◽

Hillegonda Maria Dutilh Novaes

Keyword(s):

Oral Vaccine ◽

Oral Polio Vaccine ◽

Inactivated Vaccine ◽

Childhood Immunization ◽

Immunization Program ◽

Inactivated Polio Vaccine ◽

Polio Vaccine ◽

National Immunization ◽

National Immunization Day ◽

The Cost

OBJECTIVE To analyze the costs of vaccination regimens for introducing inactivated polio vaccine in routine immunization in Brazil.METHODS A cost analysis was conducted for vaccines in five vaccination regimens, including inactivated polio vaccine, compared with the oral polio vaccine-only regimen. The costs of the vaccines were estimated for routine use and for the “National Immunization Days”, during when the oral polio vaccine is administered to children aged less than five years, independent of their vaccine status, and the strategic stock of inactivated polio vaccine. The presented estimated costs are of 2011.RESULTS The annual costs of the oral vaccine-only program (routine and two National Immunization Days) were estimated at US$19,873,170. The incremental costs of inclusion of the inactivated vaccine depended on the number of vaccine doses, presentation of the vaccine (bottles with single dose or ten doses), and number of “National Immunization Days” carried out. The cost of the regimen adopted with two doses of inactivated vaccine followed by three doses of oral vaccine and one “National Immunization Day” was estimated at US$29,653,539. The concomitant replacement of the DTPw/Hib and HepB vaccines with the pentavalent vaccine enabled the introduction of the inactivated polio without increasing the number of injections or number of visits needed to complete the vaccination.CONCLUSIONS The introduction of the inactivated vaccine increased the annual costs of the polio vaccines by 49.2% compared with the oral vaccine-only regimen. This increase represented 1.13% of the expenditure of the National Immunization Program on the purchase of vaccines in 2011.

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Safety and immunogenicity trial of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-BBV152: a phase 1, double-blind, randomised control trial

10.1101/2020.12.11.20210419 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raches Ella ◽

Krishna Mohan ◽

Harsh Jogdand ◽

Sai Prasad ◽

Siddharth Reddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase 1 ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Wild Type Virus ◽

Randomised Control Trial ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Double Blind ◽

Efficacy Trials ◽

National Immunization ◽

Antibody Titers

Background: BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with a TLR 7/8 agonist molecule adsorbed to alum (Algel-IMDG). Methods We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of BBV152. A total of 375 participants were randomized equally to receive three vaccine formulations (n=100 each) prepared with 3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, and 6 μg with Algel, and an Algel only control arm (n=75). Vaccines were administered on a two-dose intramuscular accelerated schedule on day 0 (baseline) and day 14. The primary outcomes were reactogenicity and safety. The secondary outcomes were immunogenicity based on the anti-IgG S1 response (detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and wild-type virus neutralization [microneutralization and plaque reduction neutralization assays]). Cell-mediated responses were also evaluated. Results: Reactogenicity was absent in the majority of participants, with mild events. The majority of adverse events were mild and were resolved. One serious adverse event was reported, which was found to be unrelated to vaccination. All three vaccine formulations resulted in robust immune responses comparable to a panel of convalescent serum. No significant differences were observed between the 3-μg and 6-μg Algel-IMDG groups. Neutralizing responses to homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 strains were detected in all vaccinated individuals. Cell-mediated responses were biased to a Th-1 phenotype. Conclusions BBV152 induced binding and neutralising antibody responses and with the inclusion of the Algel-IMDG adjuvant, this is the first inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that has been reported to induce a Th1-biased response. Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers were reported with two divergent SARS-CoV-2 strains. BBV152 is stored between 2°C and 8°C, which is compatible with all national immunization program cold chain requirements. Both Algel-IMDG formulations were selected for the phase 2 immunogenicity trials. Further efficacy trials are underway.

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National immunization day to assess nutritional status of underfives in chandigarh

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/bf02802627 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 15-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

H. M. Swami ◽

J. S. Thakur ◽

S. P. S. Bhatia ◽

Kamaljit Singh ◽

V. K. Bhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

National Immunization ◽

National Immunization Day

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Assessing the potency of oral polio vaccine kept outside of the cold chain during a national immunization campaign in Chad

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (34) ◽

pp. 5652-5656 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Simona Zipursky ◽

Liliane Boualam ◽

Dah Ould Cheikh ◽

Jacqueline Fournier-Caruana ◽

Djabar Hamid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Polio Vaccine ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Polio Vaccine ◽

National Immunization ◽

Immunization Campaign

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Limited Diversity of Measles Field Isolates after a National Immunization Day in Burkina Faso: Progress from Endemic to Epidemic Transmission?

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/368036 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 187 (s1) ◽

pp. S277-S282 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Mick N. Mulders ◽

Yacouba K. Nebie ◽

Fred Fack ◽

Tetyana Kapitanyuk ◽

Oumar Sanou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Field Isolates ◽

National Immunization ◽

National Immunization Day

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Estimation of coverage of pulse polio immunization round on 28th January 2018

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190701 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 630

Author(s):

Zubin Ajay Mahajan ◽

Sameera Rajendra Mehta ◽

Tanvi Ajay Bafna ◽

Narula A. P. S.

Keyword(s):

Age Group ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Finger Nail ◽

National Immunization ◽

Pulse Polio ◽

Pulse Polio Immunization ◽

Polio Immunization ◽

Immunization Campaign ◽

Local Leaders

Background: India accounted for more than 50% of polio cases globally. India therefore started the intensive pulse polio immunization (IPPI) in 1995. The national immunization days (NID) were on 28th January and 11th March 2018. The objectives of this study were to determine the completeness of pulse polio immunization round on 28th January 2018, to evaluate the reasons for non-compliance of the community towards the vaccination round, to assess the demographic profile amongst the unvaccinated children.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 570 children of zero-five years were checked in major areas of Pune that is Katraj Zoo, Swargate, Saras baug and a school in Dhankawadi. The data was collected after the first round of PPI by viewing the ink mark on the left little finger nail of the child or by interviewing the parents. SIA monitoring chart was used to assess the completeness of immunization campaign. Statistical analysis: Microsoft Excel were used to calculate percentages.Results: Out of 570, 69 (12.1%) were unvaccinated with the highest number seen in nursery that is 28 (40.6%). Amongst the unvaccinated (n=69), 40 (57.9%) were males. In the unvaccinated children (n=69), 13 (18.84%) and 56 (81.15%) belonged to age group of zero-two years and two-five years respectively. Reasons for being unvaccinated were 29(42%) parents were unaware of time and place of PPI, 21 (30.4%) were outside Pune and 19 (27.5%) were unwilling due to false beliefs..Conclusions: Awareness should be increased about benefits of PPI through mass media, local leaders and teachers to enhance community participation. The authorities’ in charge of the PPI should be informed regarding areas lacking significant coverage so that they can be concentrated upon during subsequent PPI rounds ultimately contributing to eradicate poliomyelitis.

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COMMUNITY AWARENESS ABOUT LEPROSY IN A DISTRICT OF NEPAL

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.821 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 42 (147) ◽

pp. 137-141

Author(s):

Sudha Agrawal ◽

N Jha ◽

A Agarwalla ◽

C S Agrawal ◽

S Niroula

Keyword(s):

Effective Means ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Community Awareness ◽

National Immunization ◽

Free Treatment ◽

High Prevalence ◽

National Immunization Day ◽

Elimination Goal

ABSTRACTNepal is one of the countries with high prevalence of leprosy. In general, the prevalence of the disease isrelatively higher in the plains than in the hills. We analyzed the knowledge of leprosy in the community bya structured questionnaires study. The sources of information from where they acquired the knowledgewere also studied. This study was done in Sunsari district of Nepal on National Immunization Day program.Out of 1647 respondents, 60% were female. The majority (74%) was between 20–40 years of the age group.Agricultural workers constituted 58%. One third of the respondents were illiterates. Approximately 60%of the respondents knew the cause and symptoms of leprosy. “Leprosy is curable” was felt by 81.8%.Although 75% of the respondents knew that drugs for leprosy were available free of cost, the goal ofelimination was understood by only 51% of respondents. The younger individuals had better knowledge ofthe cause and availability of the free treatment of leprosy. The females had equal knowledge about cure, buthad less knowledge of the cause, symptoms, availability of the free treatment and elimination goal. Illiterates,laborers and unemployed had significantly less knowledge of leprosy. There was no difference seen betweendifferent levels of education in literate groups. Radio was the single most effective means of providinginformation, education and communications about leprosy. A good knowledge of leprosy inculcates a positiveattitude towards leprosy. In general this may result in better case reporting and regularity of treatment aswell as fewer deformities.Key Words: Leprosy, Community Awareness.

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