End-tidal carbon dioxide concentration, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, and blood pressure as indicators of induced hyperthermia

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Alas ◽  
W. D. Voorhees ◽  
L. A. Geddes ◽  
J. D. Bourland ◽  
W. E. Schoenlein
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Induced Hyperthermia ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
End Tidal

Phase I Safety Assessment of Intrathecal Neostigmine Methylsulfate in Humans 

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Hood ◽  
James C. Eisenach ◽  
Robin Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Severe Nausea ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Ice Water

Background In dogs, sheep, and rats, spinal neostigmine produces analgesia alone and enhances analgesia from alpha 2-adrenergic agonists. This study assesses side effects and analgesia from intrathecal neostigmine in healthy volunteers. Methods After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 28 healthy volunteers were studied. The first 14 volunteers received neostigmine (50-750 micrograms) through a #19.5 spinal needle followed by insertion of a spinal catheter. The remaining 14 volunteers received neostigmine through a #25 or #27 spinal needle without a catheter. Safety measurements included blood pressure, heart rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide, neurologic evaluation, and computer tests of vigilance and memory. Analgesia in response to ice water immersion was measured. Results Neostigmine (50 micrograms) through the #19.5 needle did not affect any measured variable. Neostigmine (150 micrograms) caused mild nausea, and 500-750 micrograms caused severe nausea and vomiting. Neostigmine (150-750 micrograms) produced subjective leg weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and sedation. The 750-micrograms dose was associated with anxiety, increased blood pressure and heart rate, and decreased end-tidal carbon dioxide. Neostigmine (100-200 micrograms) in saline, injected through a #25 or #27 needle, caused protracted, severe nausea, and vomiting. This did not occur when dextrose was added to neostigmine. Neostigmine by either method of administration reduced visual analog pain scores to immersion of the foot in ice water. Conclusions The incidence and severity of these adverse events from intrathecal neostigmine appears to be affected by dose, method of administration, and baricity of solution. These effects in humans are consistent with studies in animals. Because no unexpected or dangerous side effects occurred, cautious examination of intrathecal neostigmine alone and in combination with other agents for analgesia is warranted.

scholarly journals Incidence of Artifacts and Deviating Values in Research Data Obtained from an Anesthesia Information Management System in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-lee J. Hoorweg ◽  
Wietze Pasma ◽  
Leo van Wolfswinkel ◽  
Jurgen C. de Graaff
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Noninvasive Blood Pressure ◽  
Invasive Blood Pressure ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
End Tidal

Abstract Background Vital parameter data collected in anesthesia information management systems are often used for clinical research. The validity of this type of research is dependent on the number of artifacts. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, the incidence of artifacts in anesthesia information management system data was investigated in children undergoing anesthesia for noncardiac procedures. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of artifacts among deviating and nondeviating values, among the anesthesia phases, and among different anesthetic techniques. Results We included 136 anesthetics representing 10,236 min of anesthesia time. The incidence of artifacts was 0.5% for heart rate (95% CI: 0.4 to 0.7%), 1.3% for oxygen saturation (1.1 to 1.5%), 7.5% for end-tidal carbon dioxide (6.9 to 8.0%), 5.0% for noninvasive blood pressure (4.0 to 6.0%), and 7.3% for invasive blood pressure (5.9 to 8.8%). The incidence of artifacts among deviating values was 3.1% for heart rate (2.1 to 4.4%), 10.8% for oxygen saturation (7.6 to 14.8%), 14.1% for end-tidal carbon dioxide (13.0 to 15.2%), 14.4% for noninvasive blood pressure (10.3 to 19.4%), and 38.4% for invasive blood pressure (30.3 to 47.1%). Conclusions Not all values in anesthesia information management systems are valid. The incidence of artifacts stored in the present pediatric anesthesia practice was low for heart rate and oxygen saturation, whereas noninvasive and invasive blood pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide had higher artifact incidences. Deviating values are more often artifacts than values in a normal range, and artifacts are associated with the phase of anesthesia and anesthetic technique. Development of (automatic) data validation systems or solutions to deal with artifacts in data is warranted.

scholarly journals Changes in tracheal, oesophageal and rectal temperature over 60 minutes anaesthesia in non-heated dogs, spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Novak ◽  
J Burova ◽  
L Stankova ◽  
M Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
The Times ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing

The objective of this prospective randomised clinical study was to determine the differences in the tracheal, oesophageal and rectal temperature in spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated dogs. A total of thirty dogs were allocated to the SPO-group breathing spontaneously (n = 15) or the MEC-group ventilated mechanically (n = 15). Anaesthesia was established using a medetomidine-butorphanol-propofol-isoflurane combination. The tracheal (T-Tra), oesophageal (T-Oes), rectal (T-Rec), inspired gas (T-Gas), room (T-Room) temperatures, respiratory frequency (f<sub>R</sub>), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (ETCO<sub>2</sub>) were measured after connecting to a re-breathing system (baseline) and subsequently in 10-minute intervals for 60 minutes. The data were analysed using ANOVA and Steel-Dwass tests (P &lt; 0.05). In the SPO-group, the T-Tra, was significantly lower at T30, T40, T50, T60, the T-Oes and T-Rec at T40, T50, T60, compared to the baseline. In the MEC-group, the T-Tra and T-Oes was significantly lower at T30, T40<sub>,</sub> T50, T60, the T-Rec at T40, T50, T60, compared to the baseline. In the SPO-group, the f<sub>R</sub> was significantly lower for all the times and the ETCO<sub>2</sub> higher at T10, T20, T30, T40, T50 compared to the MEC-group. No other differences were detected. During anaesthesia, there is a comparable decrease in body temperatures, regardless of whether the dogs are breathing spontaneously or ventilated mechanically.

Phase I Safety Assessment of Intrathecal Injection of an American Formulation of Adenosine in Humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Eisenach ◽  
David D. Hood ◽  
Regina Curry
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
End Tidal

Background Preclinical studies of intrathecal adenosine suggest it may be effective in the treatment of acute and chronic pain in humans. A phase I safety trial of the intrathecal injection of a mannitol-containing formulation of adenosine in Sweden showed a considerable incidence of backache. We performed a phase I safety trial of intrathecal injection of the American formulation of adenosine, which lacks mannitol. Methods Following US Food and Drug Administration and institutional review board approval and written informed consent, 65 volunteers were studied in two trials: an open-label, dose-escalating trial with intrathecal adenosine doses of 0.25-2.0 mg (25 subjects) and a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adenosine, 2 mg (40 subjects). Blood pressure, heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and sensory, motor, and reflex neurologic functions were systematically examined for 24 h after injection, and volunteers were contacted by telephone at times up to 6 months after injection. Results Intrathecal adenosine did not affect blood pressure, heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, or neurologic function. Headache was reported by 10 and back pain was reported by 8 of 30 subjects exposed to adenosine in the second double-blind trial, whereas none of these symptoms was reported by the 10 saline-treated subjects. Conclusion These data support further investigation of intrathecal adenosine for analgesia in humans and suggest that this agent does not produce a high incidence of severe side effects.

Cerebrovascular time constant: dependence on cerebral perfusion pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Czosnyka ◽  
Hugh K Richards ◽  
Matthias Reinhard2 ◽  
Luzius A Steiner3 ◽  
Karol Budohoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
End Tidal
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