Ein Beitrag zu den Beziehungen zwischen Substantia nigra und Globus pallidus: Refund melaninhaltiger Zellen im Globus pallidus

1924 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hallervorden
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Globus Pallidus

Subthalamo-Pallidal Circuit

2017 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Charles J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata ◽  
Modern Methods

The subthalamo-pallidal system constitutes the second layer of circuitry in the basal ganglia, downstream of the striatum. It consists of four nuclei. Two of them, the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) and subthalamic nucleus (STN), make their connections primarily within the basal ganglia. The others, the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), are the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. Collectively, their axons distribute collaterals to all the targets of the basal ganglia. Rare interneurons have been reported in each of them from studies of Golgi-stained preparations, but they have not so far been confirmed using more modern methods. The circuit as described here is based primarily on studies of the axonal arborizations of neurons stained individually by intracellular or juxtacellular labeling.

Glycine receptors in the striatum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra of the human brain: An immunohistochemical study

2007 ◽  
Vol 502 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Waldvogel ◽  
Kristin Baer ◽  
Kathryn L. Allen ◽  
Mark I. Rees ◽  
Richard L.M. Faull
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Glycine Receptors

Neurotoxicity risk assessment of MPTP (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) as a synthetic impurity of drugs

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Juergen Kramer ◽  
John Caldwell ◽  
Andreas Hofmann ◽  
Peter Tempel ◽  
Guenter Weisse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Candidate Drug ◽  
A Minor

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces symptoms indistinguishable from those of Parkinson's disease. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus. Death of these same neurons is apparently the cause of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. As phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine is a commonly encountered subunit in heterocyclic drugs and because MPTP was found as a minor impurity in early batches of a candidate drug at Merck KGaA, it may be assumed that MPTP will also be present as an as yet undiscovered minor impurity in various existing drugs. A neurotoxicity risk assessment on MPTP has been conducted to define the risk of MPTP as an impurity in drugs that are used orally. This risk assessment has shown that compounds containing less than 5.0 p.p.m. MPTP administered orally will not cause a neurotoxicological health risk to patients treated with such a drug.

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