Role of GABAB receptor in alcohol dependence: Reducing effect of baclofen on alcohol intake and alcohol motivational properties in rats and amelioration of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol craving in human alcoholics

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Colombo ◽  
Giovanni Addolorato ◽  
Roberta Agabio ◽  
Mauro A. M. Carai ◽  
Fabio Pibiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Gabab Receptor ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Craving

The Role of Barbiturates for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Martin ◽  
Andrew Katz
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

Pharmacogenetic evaluation of adverse events’ risk in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome taking bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine: The role of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Ivashchenko ◽  
Kristina A. Ryzhykova ◽  
Zhannet A. Sozaeva ◽  
Mikhail S. Zastrozhin ◽  
Elena A. Grishina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Cyp2c19 Gene ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Rating Scale Data

Introduction. Bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine is the Russian original tranquilizer which widely using in psychiatry, narcology, neurology and general medicine. Particularly, that drug prescribing for patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Isoenzyme CYP2C19 takes part in metabolism of the most of benzodiazepines, so the gene CYP2C19 might be included into pharmacogenetics study of bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine. There was no study of CYP2C19 polymorphisms as biomarkers of bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine’s safety. Methods. 102 male patients with non-comlicated AWS (F 10.3 by ICD-10) were involved into the study. During 6 days of dynamic observation each participant was prescribed bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine (Phenazepam). 5 ml of venous blood was collected from each participant for genotyping. 38 participants were added Pagluferal (contains phenobarbitalum, natrium coffeine-benzoate, bromisoval, papaverine) and/or Carbamazepine. Blood samples were analyzed to detect the CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285), *3 (rs4986893) и *17 (rs12248560) polymorphisms. Safety of therapy was evaluated with UKU Side Effects Rating Scale. Data analysis was performed with SPSS Statistics 21.0. Results. Carriers of CYP2C19*2 GA+AA genotypes compared to GG homozygous significantly more often had such adverse effects as «Polyuria/polydipsia» in mean grade of penetration (33,3% vs 9%, p=0,016) and “Palpitations/Tachycardia” (16,7% vs 3,8%, p=0,018). Observed relationship between «Polyuria/polydipsia» and CYP2C19*2 GA+AA genotypes was confirmed in the subgroup “Combined pharmacotherapy” (37,5% vs 0%, p=0,006). CYP2C19*17 polymorphism in tendency to significance was associated with less frequent AE «Polyuria/polydipsia» among patients taking bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine as monotherapy carriers of allele T had that AE in 16,9%, and CC homozygous in 24,2% (p=0,067). Conclusion. Significant associations between CYP2C19*2 polymorphism and several AE in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome taking bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine. Substantial role of CYP2C19*17 as predictor of AE associated with bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine was not confirmed. Gene CYP2C19 is the sufficient biomarker of bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine’s safety profile and needs further research.

Role of Adenosine A1 and A2A Receptors in the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

Alcohol ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B Kaplan ◽  
Nazleen H Bharmal ◽  
Kimberly A Leite-Morris ◽  
Walter R Adams
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
A2a Receptors ◽  
Adenosine A1

scholarly journals Intraoperative Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Coincidence or Precipitation?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Asish Subedi ◽  
Balkrishna Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Spinal Block ◽  
Local Anesthetic Toxicity ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
Intraoperative Period

As the prevalence of alcohol dependence is approximately half in surgical patients with an alcohol use disorder, anesthetist often encounters such patients in the perioperative settings. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is one of the most feared complications of alcohol dependence and can be fatal if not managed actively. A 61-year-old man, alcoholic with 50 h of abstinence before surgery, received spinal anesthesia for surgery for femoral neck fracture. To facilitate positioning for spinal anesthesia, fascia iliaca compartmental block with 0.25% bupivacaine (30 mL) was administered 30 min prior to spinal block. Later, in the intraoperative period the patient developed AWS; however, the features were similar to that of local anesthetic toxicity. The case was successfully managed with intravenous midazolam, esmolol, and propofol infusion. Due to similarity of clinical features of AWS and mild local anesthetic toxicity, an anesthetist should be in a position to differentiate the condition promptly and manage it aggressively.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Medications Approved for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence and Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Female Patients: A Descriptive Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Agabio ◽  
Pier Paolo Pani ◽  
Antonio Preti ◽  
Gian Luigi Gessa ◽  
Flavia Franconi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Evaluation Of Data ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of women recruited for studies to establish the efficacy of medications approved for treatment of alcohol dependence (AD) and of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is sufficient to reveal possible gender differences in the response to these medications and in suggesting the use of different doses in female patients. Our results show that the rates of women recruited for studies evaluating the efficacy of disulfiram (1%), benzodiazepines (3%), and anticonvulsants (13%) were too low to establish possible gender differences. The rates of women recruited for studies evaluating the efficacy of acamprosate (22%), naltrexone (23%), and nalmefene (30%) were higher and allowed evaluation of data obtained for female patients. Women receive medications for treatment of AD and/or AWS for which efficacy has been demonstrated in studies in which men were more largely represented.

Evaluating the Use of Phenobarbital for the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Psychiatric Inpatients

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
Erin Waldee ◽  
Stephanie V. Phan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

Objectives To describe the potential role of phenobarbital as appropriate therapy in the treatment and prevention of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) among medically cleared psychiatric inpatients. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study of adult patients admitted to the psychiatric unit and administered phenobarbital for the treatment or prevention of AWS. Changes in vital signs and signs and symptoms of AWS were observed to assess the safety and efficacy of phenobarbital. The primary outcome was safety of phenobarbital for AWS as measured by change in the respiratory rate (RR). Results A total of 122 patients were included in the study. There were no significant changes in RR among patients who received phenobarbital for AWS. Significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate were observed. Of patients with documented signs and symptoms of AWS upon admission, 94% had improvement in the signs and symptoms during phenobarbital therapy. Approximately 12% of patients had documented sedation or altered mental status during phenobarbital therapy. No patients required transfer to a medical or critical care unit. Conclusions Phenobarbital was safe, not leading to severe adverse effects or requiring a higher level of care, and efficacious for the prevention and treatment of AWS in this cohort of psychiatric inpatients.

Sodium Valproate in the Treatment of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Lambie ◽  
R. H. Johnson ◽  
M. E. Vijayasenan ◽  
E. A. Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electrolyte Replacement

The value of sodium valproate in the management of patients during withdrawal from alcohol dependence has been assessed. Alcoholic inpatients were randomly allocated to two groups — one treated with sodium valproate and the other acting as a control. All patients received multivitamins and fluid and electrolyte replacement, and some received chlormethiazole or other tranquillisers. Treatment with sodium valproate (1200 mg daily) was continued for one week. The occurence of seizures and other withdrawal symptoms (tremulousness, nausea, sweating, disorientation) were noted daily. Forty-nine episodes of withdrawal have been included in the trial — 22 in the sodium valproate group and 27 in the control group. Five patients, all in the control group, had seizures. Other withdrawal symptoms disappeared more quickly in the sodium valproate group even though fewer patients were receiving chlormethiazole.

The Role of Diazepam Loading for the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Muzyk ◽  
Jonathan G. Leung ◽  
Sarah Nelson ◽  
Eric R. Embury ◽  
Sharon R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Hospitalized Patients

Novel Targets Explored in Treatment of Alcohol Dependence induced Withdrawal Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antra Gupta ◽  
Heena Khan ◽  
Amarjot Kaur ◽  
Thakur Gurjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Novel Targets

: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is characterized as termination of chronic and sustained alcohol use that leads to severe symptoms of distress or loss of daily functions when alcohol consumption is diminished or stopped. It is a debilitating manifestation of alcohol dependence and responds poorly to the available clinical therapies. Globally alcohol drinking is continuously increasing all across the world. It causes 3.3 million deaths every year (5.9% of all deaths), and 5.1% of the global burden of disease. Alcohol Withdrawal syndrome led to various changes in brain neurotransmitters sys-tem such as GABA, glutamate, non-epinephrine, serotonin. These symptoms result from imbalance in brain receptor be-tween gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N methyl aspartate (NMDA) that occurs when the consumption of alcohol stops after long use. Studies from various in vivo and in vitro animal models of alcohol withdrawal have been conducted to explore new targets for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Advancements in the elucidation of AWS mechanism have revealed a number of key targets that have been hypothesized to modulate clinical status. The present review discusses the pathophysiology, neurobiology and treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and its novel targets like corticotrophin releasing factor, sigma, melanocortin-4 receptors, opioid, potassium channels, ghrelin, and endocannabinoid receptors and gut microbiota. This review discusses about various clinical and pre- clinical aspects related with alcohol dependence. The exploration of novel pharmacological targets may provide effective therapeutic interventions for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

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