Determination of vertebrate retinal progenitor cell fate by the Notch pathway and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors

The myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) form a family of basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors consisting of Myf-5, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4. The MRFs play key regulatory roles in the development of skeletal muscle during embryogenesis. Sequence homology, expression patterns, and genetargeting experiments have revealed a two-tiered subclassification within the MRF family. Myf-5 and MyoD are more homologous to one another than to the others, are expressed in myoblasts before differentiation, and are required for the determination or survival of muscle progenitor cells. By contrast, myogenin and MRF4 are more homologous to one another than to the others and are expressed upon differentiation, and myogenin is required in vivo as a differentiation factor while the role of MRF4 remains unclear. On this basis, MyoD and Myf-5 are classified as primary MRFs, as they are required for the determination of myoblasts, and myogenin and MRF4 are classified as secondary MRFs, as they likely function during terminal differentiation.Key words: MyoD, Myf-5, myogenin, MRF4, skeletal muscle.

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09-P044 Shp2 controls retinal progenitor cell fate

Mechanisms of Development ◽

10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.374 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. S163

Author(s):

Xin Zhang ◽

Zhigang Cai ◽

Gen-Sheng Feng

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Progenitor Cell ◽

Retinal Progenitor Cell ◽

Retinal Progenitor

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Yap is essential for retinal progenitor cell cycle progression and RPE cell fate acquisition in the developing mouse eye

Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 419 (2) ◽

pp. 336-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jin Young Kim ◽

Raehee Park ◽

Jin Hwan J. Lee ◽

Jinyeon Shin ◽

Jenna Nickas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Fate ◽

Progenitor Cell ◽

Cell Cycle Progression ◽

Cycle Progression ◽

Retinal Progenitor Cell ◽

Retinal Progenitor

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Identification of a modular super-enhancer in murine retinal development

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-27924-y ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Victoria Honnell ◽

Jackie L. Norrie ◽

Anand G. Patel ◽

Cody Ramirez ◽

Jiakun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Progenitor Cell ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

Retinal Progenitor Cell ◽

Retinal Progenitor ◽

Super Enhancer ◽

Progenitor Cell Proliferation

AbstractSuper-enhancers are expansive regions of genomic DNA comprised of multiple putative enhancers that contribute to the dynamic gene expression patterns during development. This is particularly important in neurogenesis because many essential transcription factors have complex developmental stage– and cell–type specific expression patterns across the central nervous system. In the developing retina, Vsx2 is expressed in retinal progenitor cells and is maintained in differentiated bipolar neurons and Müller glia. A single super-enhancer controls this complex and dynamic pattern of expression. Here we show that deletion of one region disrupts retinal progenitor cell proliferation but does not affect cell fate specification. The deletion of another region has no effect on retinal progenitor cell proliferation but instead leads to a complete loss of bipolar neurons. This prototypical super-enhancer may serve as a model for dissecting the complex gene expression patterns for neurogenic transcription factors during development. Moreover, it provides a unique opportunity to alter expression of individual transcription factors in particular cell types at specific stages of development. This provides a deeper understanding of function that cannot be achieved with traditional knockout mouse approaches.

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