Beckenbacg–Gini–Lehmer type means and mean-type mappings generated by functions of several variables, for which the arithmetic mean is invariant, are introduced. Equality of means of that type, their homogeneity, and convergence of the iterates of the respective mean-type mappings are considered. An application to solving a functional equation is given.
Abstract
The primary object of study is the “cosine-sine” functional equation f(xy) = f(x)g(y)+g(x)f(y)+h(x)h(y) for unknown functions f, g, h : S → ℂ, where S is a semigroup. The name refers to the fact that it contains both the sine and cosine addition laws. This equation has been solved on groups and on semigroups generated by their squares. Here we find the solutions on a larger class of semigroups and discuss the obstacles to finding a general solution for all semigroups. Examples are given to illustrate both the results and the obstacles.
We also discuss the special case f(xy) = f(x)g(y) + g(x)f(y) − g(x)g(y) separately, since it has an independent direct solution on a general semigroup.
We give the continuous solutions on topological semigroups for both equations.
We obtain some results on approximate solutions of the generalised linear functional equation $\sum _{i=1}^{m}L_{i}f(\sum _{j=1}^{n}a_{ij}x_{j})=0$ for functions mapping a normed space into a normed space. We show that, under suitable assumptions, the approximate solutions are in fact exact solutions. The theorems correspond to and complement recent results on the hyperstability of generalised linear functional equations.
On the Beckenbach–Gini–Lehmer Means and Means Mappings
