Interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and the immune system

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (13) ◽  
pp. 2345-2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jinlian Hua
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells and oncolytic viruses: joining forces against cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e001684
Author(s):  
Rafael Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Immunogenic Properties ◽  
New Strategies

The development of oncolytic viruses (OVs) has increased significantly in the past 20 years, with many candidates entering clinical trials and three of them receiving approval for some indications. Recently, OVs have also gathered interest as candidates to use in combination with immunotherapies for cancer due to their immunogenic properties, which include immunogenic cell death and the possibility to carry therapeutic transgenes in their genomes. OVs transform non-immunogenic ‘cold’ tumors into inflamed immunogenic ‘hot’ tumors, where immunotherapies show the highest efficacy. However, in monotherapy or in combination with immunotherapy, OVs face numerous challenges that limit their successful application, in particular upon systemic administration, such as liver sequestration, neutralizing interactions in blood, physical barriers to infection, and fast clearance by the immune system. In this regard, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as cells carrier for OV delivery addresses many of these obstacles acting as virus carriers and factories, expressing additional transgenes, and modulating the immune system. Here, I review the current progress of OVs-loaded MSCs in cancer, focusing on their interaction with the immune system, and discuss new strategies to improve their therapeutic efficacy.

scholarly journals The Role of Nitric Oxide in Stem/Progenitor Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Immune System Diseases ◽  
Function Mechanism

The research on nitric Oxide (NO) and stem cells are the focus in recent years. However, seldom do people conclude the function, mechanism and clinical value of NO in various stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). In the present review, we evaluate the recent studies on NO in different stem cells and display the latest progresses of NO therapy for tumor, cardiovascular, neurologic and immune system diseases by stem cells.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived-Exosomes as Effective Factors in Reducing Cytokine Storm Symptoms of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Kheirkhah ◽  
Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi ◽  
Malihe lotfi ◽  
Marzieh lotfi ◽  
Sanaz Raeisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Immune System Modulation

: Given that conventional therapies are ineffective for COVID-19, obtained exosomes from stem cells have been proposed as a sustainable and effective treatment. Exosomes are subsets with lengths between 30 and 100 nanometers, and they can be secreted by different cells. Exosomes are containing different types of miRNAs, mRNAs, and different proteins. The role of immune system modulation of exosomes of mesenchymal stem cells has been studied and confirmed in more than one study. Exosome miRNAs detect and reduce cytokines that cause cytokine storms such as IL-7, IL-2, IL-6, etc. These miRNAs include miR-21, miR-24, miR-124, miR-145, etc. The risks associated with treatment with exosomes from different cells are relatively small compared to other treatments because transplanted cells do not stimulate the host immune system and also has reduced infection transmission. Due to the ineffectiveness of existing drugs in reducing inflammation and preventing cytokine storms, the use of immune-boosting systems may be suggested as another way to control cytokine storm.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19: A Journey from Bench to Bedside

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Kamal Kant Sahu ◽  
Ahmad Daniyal Siddiqui ◽  
Jan Cerny
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Human Immune

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a major setback in both the health and economic sectors across the globe. The scale of the problem is enormous because we still do not have any specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agent or vaccine. The human immune system has never been exposed to this novel virus, so the viral interactions with the human immune system are completely naive. New approaches are being studied at various levels, including animal in vitro models and human-based studies, to contain the COVID-19 pandemic as soon as possible. Many drugs are being tested for repurposing, but so far only remdesivir has shown some positive benefits based on preliminary reports, but these results also need further confirmation via ongoing trials. Otherwise, no other agents have shown an impactful response against COVID-19. Recently, research exploring the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19 has gained momentum. The patients belonging to this subset are most likely beyond the point where they could benefit from an antiviral therapy because most of their illness at this stage of disease is driven by inflammatory (over)response of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the potential of MSCs as a therapeutic option for patients with COVID-19, based on the encouraging results from the preliminary data showing improved outcomes in the progression of COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the cardiac function and immune system of mice with endotoxemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5317-5325 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUANFAN WU ◽  
JING ZHOU ◽  
LIQING BI ◽  
MIN HUANG ◽  
YI HAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Expression of HLA-G1 and G5 Enables Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells To Engraft at High Levels across Xenogeneic Barriers Following Transplantation into Immunocompetent Recipients.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1195-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yamagami ◽  
Chad Sanada ◽  
Heinz Wiendl ◽  
Esmail D. Zanjani ◽  
Christopher D. Porada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Hepatic Differentiation ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Donor Cells

Abstract Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to be fairly non-immunogenic, recent studies demonstrated that MSC are capable of activating and becoming targets of NK-mediated lysis. Furthermore, the ability of IFN-γ to induce MSC expression of HLA-II molecules shows that MSC are not completely immuno-inert. Expression of HLA-G has been associated with the maintenance of fetomaternal tolerance during pregnancy through its inhibition of the cytolytic functions of NK and cytotoxic T cells and of dendritic cell maturation. Here we investigated whether transduction of human MSC with a retroviral vector encoding HLA-G1 (MSC-G1) or G5 (MSC-G5) would render these cells and their differentiated progeny undetectable by the recipient’s immune system, and thereby allow us to efficiently transplant these cells into immuno-competent xenogeneic recipients. First, we performed mixed lymphocyte reactions using unmodified MSC (unMSC), MSC-G1 or MSC-G5 as stimulators, and lymphocytes from allogeneic human or sheep donors as responders. While neither unMSC nor MSC-G1 or -G5 elicited a significant proliferative response from human lymphocytes, sheep lymphocytes proliferated 2-6 fold more when cultured with unMSC than with MSC-G1 or MSC-G5. Next, we tested whether HLA-G1 and HLA-G5 expression would enable the engraftment of human MSC in fetal sheep later in gestation when donor cells are normally rejected due to the presence of a competent immune system. To this end, 105 unMSC, MSC-G1, or MSC-G5 were transplanted (Tx) into fetal sheep recipients during the pre-immune period (55 days; n=9), or after immunocompetence was achieved, at 82 days (n=10) or 104 days (n=8) of gestation. Evaluation of the recipients’ hematopoietic system at 42 days post-transplant for the presence of human cell engraftment, using a panel of antibodies specific to human blood cells, revealed that Tx at 55 days resulted in similar levels of engraftment for all cell types (MSC:4±0.9; MSC-G1:6±0.3; MSC-G5:5±0.3%). In contrast, while unMSC engrafted at very low levels at 82d and 104d, Tx of MSC-G1 and-G5 at these later time points not only overcame the immune barriers, but resulted in levels of engraftment that were considerably higher than those achieved during the pre-immune period (82d:7±1;18±2.% and 104d:12±2;16±2%). A similar outcome was seen with liver engraftment and hepatic differentiation with MSG-1 and -G5 giving rise to 3–5 times more hepatocytes than unMSC at later time points. However, even at the early Tx time point of 55days, MSC-G1 and -G5 gave rise to, respectively, 5 times and 2 times more donor-derived hepatocytes than their unMSC counterpart. Our studies demonstrate that the forced expression of HLA-G1 or G5 enables MSC to evade a competent recipient immune system and engraft at significant levels at times in gestation when donor cells are normally rejected. These studies may allow the broadening of the use of MSC to diseases in which an underlying MSC defect precludes the use of the patient’s own MSC.

scholarly journals Extrinsic and Intrinsic Mechanisms by Which Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress the Immune System

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien J. Coulson-Thomas ◽  
Yvette M. Coulson-Thomas ◽  
Tarsis F. Gesteira ◽  
Winston W.-Y. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System
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