Health policy analysis for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in Turkey

: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two important risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In Latin America hypertension prevalence varies from 30 to 50%. Moreover, the proportion of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is very low. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus varies from 8 to 13% and near to 40% are unaware of their condition. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes varies from 6 to 14% and this condition has been also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The principal factors linked to a higher risk of hypertension in Latin America are increased adiposity, low muscle strength, unhealthy diet, low physical activity and low education. Besides being chronic conditions, leading causes of cardiovascular mortality, both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a substantial cost for the weak health systems of Latin American countries. Therefore, is necessary to implement and reinforce public health programs to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in order to reach the mandate of the Unit Nations of decrease the premature mortality for CVD.

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Conducting health policy analysis in primary care research: turning clinical ideas into action

Family Medicine and Community Health ◽

10.1136/fmch-2018-000076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. e000076 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alina Engelman ◽

Ben Case ◽

Lisa Meeks ◽

Michael D Fetters

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Health Policy ◽

Policy Analysis ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Policy Research ◽

Primary Care Providers ◽

Care Providers ◽

Total Hysterectomy ◽

Health Policy Analysis ◽

Pap Smear Screening

Healthcare guidelines play a prominent role in the day-to-day practice of primary care providers, and health policy research leads to the formation of these guidelines. Health policy research is the multidisciplinary approach to public policy explaining the interaction between health institutions, special interests and theoretical constructs. In this article, we demonstrate how primary care providers can conduct high-impact health policy research using Eugene Bardach’s eightfold policy analysis framework in a primary care context. In a medical case, a woman with a history of total hysterectomy had scheduled a visit for a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening test as part of a well-woman health check-up with a family medicine resident. Conflicting recommendations on Pap smear screening after total hysterectomy sparked an investigation using the US Preventive Services Task Force criteria for conducting a health policy analysis. We illustrate broadly how clinical care dilemmas can be examined by using Bardach’s broadly applicable health policy framework in order to inform meaningful policy change. Bardach’s framework includes (1) defining the problem, (2) assembling evidence, (3) constructing alternatives, (4) selecting criteria, (5) projecting outcomes, (6) confronting trade-offs, (7) decision-making and (8) sharing the results of the process. The policy analysis demonstrated insufficient evidence to recommend Pap test screening after hysterectomy and the findings contributed to national recommendations. By following Bardach’s steps, primary care researchers have a feasible and powerful tool for conducting meaningful health policy research and analysis that can influence clinical practice.

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Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09862-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ailiana Santosa ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Lars Weinehall ◽

Genming Zhao ◽

Na Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Eastern China ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chinese Men ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Failure to promote early detection and better management of hypertension will contribute to the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to assess the gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, together with its associated factors, in China and Sweden. Methods We used data from two cross-sectional studies: the Västerbotten Intervention Program in northern Sweden (n = 25,511) and the Shanghai survey in eastern China (n = 25,356). We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine the socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviours, and biological factors associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. Results Men had a higher prevalence of hypertension (43% in Sweden, 39% in China) than their female counterparts (29 and 36%, respectively). In Sweden, men were less aware of, less treated for, and had less control over their hypertension than women. Chinese men were more aware of, had similar levels of treatment for, and had less control over their hypertension compared to women. Awareness and control of hypertension was lower in China compared to Sweden. Only 33 and 38% of hypertensive Chinese men and women who were treated reached the treatment goals, compared with a respective 48 and 59% in Sweden. Old age, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases, low physical activity and overweight or obesity were found to increase the odds of hypertension and its diagnosis. Conclusions This study shows the age and gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden. Multisectoral intervention should be developed to address the increasing burden of sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity and diabetes, all of which are linked to the prevention and control of hypertension. Development and implementation of the gender- and context-specific intervention for the prevention and control of hypertension facilitates understanding with regard to the implementation barriers and facilitators.

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Amortization of Gene Replacement Therapies: A Health Policy Analysis Exploring a Mechanism for Mitigating Budget Impact of High-Cost Treatments

Health Policy ◽

10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.11.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Monique Dabbous ◽

Mondher Toumi ◽

Steven Simoens ◽

Juergen Wasem ◽

Gauri Saal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Policy ◽

Policy Analysis ◽

Budget Impact ◽

Gene Replacement ◽

Health Policy Analysis

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Developing an operational framework for health policy analysis

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/s1519-38292001000300002 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 203-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

José Luiz C. de Araújo Jr ◽

Romulo Maciel Filho

Keyword(s):

Health Policy ◽

Policy Analysis ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Basic Framework ◽

Health Policy Analysis

This article develops an original framework supporting health policy analysis that may be carried out by distinct research on various situations. The Walt and Gilson model for health policy analysis and its categories: Context, Content, Actors and Process, was taken as the basic framework of analysis. However, to be applied in practice that model needs to be unravelled. Its four major categories need to be operationalised and transformed into a matrix, with each one revealling the elements or sub-categories, and the necessary procedures to conduct a systematic analysis on the Context, Content, Actors and Process of a given health policy. Such an initiative was treated in this work.

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