Plasma fatty acids and the risk of vascular disease and mortality outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE study

The world is facing an unprecedented increase in type 2 diabetes. Most disability and premature mortality experienced by patients with diabetes is related to vascular disease and, in particular, macrovascular disease (such as coronary heart disease and stroke) and microvascular disease (such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy). Indeed, around 1.9 million cardiovascular deaths worldwide are attributable to high blood glucose levels and diabetes, as well as to their associated dangerous companions of high blood pressure and abnormal lipid levels. The global economic costs of diabetes, including foregone economic growth and increasing healthcare expenditure, are substantial and are anticipated to grow. Therefore, strategies to reduce disease burden have continued to focus on reducing cardiovascular risk. Recently, a number of large-scale clinical trials have evaluated approaches for managing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Among them the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: PreterAx and DiamicroN MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial has reported the effects of blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on major vascular events in patients with established type 2 diabetes. In this article we summarise the findings of the ADVANCE trial and discuss its relevance to the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide.

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Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes – Reflecting on the ADVANCE Study

US Endocrinology ◽

10.17925/use.2009.05.1.42 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 05 (01) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Sophia Zoungas ◽

John Chalmers ◽

Anushka Patel ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Large Scale ◽

Intensive Glucose Control ◽

Vascular Events ◽

Advance Study ◽

High Blood Glucose

The world is facing an unprecedented increase in type 2 diabetes. Most disability and premature mortality experienced by patients with diabetes is related to vascular disease and, in particular, macrovascular disease (such as coronary heart disease and stroke) and microvascular disease (such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy). Indeed, around 1.9 million cardiovascular deaths worldwide are attributable to high blood glucose levels and diabetes, as well as to their associated dangerous companions of high blood pressure and abnormal lipid levels. The global economic costs of diabetes, including foregone economic growth and increasing healthcare expenditure, are substantial and are anticipated to grow. Therefore, strategies to reduce disease burden have continued to focus on reducing cardiovascular risk. Recently, a number of large-scale clinical trials have evaluated approaches for managing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Among them the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: PreterAx and DiamicroN MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial has reported the effects of blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on major vascular events in patients with established type 2 diabetes. In this article we summarise the findings of the ADVANCE trial and discuss its relevance to the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes worldwide.

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An atlas on risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a wide-angled Mendelian randomisation study

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-020-05253-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 2359-2371 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shuai Yuan ◽

Susanna C. Larsson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

European Ancestry ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Mendelian Randomisation ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Plasma Fatty Acids

Abstract Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to use Mendelian randomisation (MR) to identify the causal risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Methods We first conducted a review of meta-analyses and review articles to pinpoint possible risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Around 170 possible risk factors were identified of which 97 risk factors with available genetic instrumental variables were included in MR analyses. To reveal more risk factors that were not included in our MR analyses, we conducted a review of published MR studies of type 2 diabetes. For our MR analyses, we used summary-level data from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium (74,124 type 2 diabetes cases and 824,006 controls of European ancestry). Potential causal associations were replicated using the FinnGen consortium (11,006 type 2 diabetes cases and 82,655 controls of European ancestry). The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the main analysis. Multivariable MR analysis was used to assess whether the observed associations with type 2 diabetes were mediated by BMI. We used the Benjamini–Hochberg method that controls false discovery rate for multiple testing. Results We found evidence of causal associations between 34 exposures (19 risk factors and 15 protective factors) and type 2 diabetes. Insomnia was identified as a novel risk factor (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.11, 1.23]). The other 18 risk factors were depression, systolic BP, smoking initiation, lifetime smoking, coffee (caffeine) consumption, plasma isoleucine, valine and leucine, liver alanine aminotransferase, childhood and adulthood BMI, body fat percentage, visceral fat mass, resting heart rate, and four plasma fatty acids. The 15 exposures associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes were plasma alanine, HDL- and total cholesterol, age at menarche, testosterone levels, sex hormone binding globulin levels (adjusted for BMI), birthweight, adulthood height, lean body mass (for women), four plasma fatty acids, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and education years. Eight associations remained after adjustment for adulthood BMI. We additionally identified 21 suggestive risk factors (p < 0.05), such as alcohol consumption, breakfast skipping, daytime napping, short sleep, urinary sodium, and certain amino acids and inflammatory factors. Conclusions/interpretation The present study verified several previously reported risk factors and identified novel potential risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes should be considered from multiple perspectives on obesity, mental health, sleep quality, education level, birthweight and smoking. Graphical abstract

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P298 DISTINCT PLASMA FATTY ACIDS ASSOCIATE WITH COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HEALTHY OFFSPRING OF TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS

Atherosclerosis Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70365-2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

L. Scheja ◽

M. Vossen ◽

K. Toedter ◽

U. Beisiegel

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Fatty Acids ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Diabetes Patients

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The association between plasma fatty acid and cognitive function mediated by inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-577863/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Shen ◽

Kaifeng Li ◽

Huiyan Yu ◽

Bingjie Ding ◽

Rong Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Plasma Fatty Acids

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the cognitive function of 372 Chinese patients (214 males and 158 females; the average age was 57.09 ± 9.00 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), with Plasma fatty acids measured by gas chromatography analysis and inflammatory cytokines determined by immune turbidimetric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate whether there was a correlation between the plasma fatty acids, plasma inflammatory cytokine levels and cognitive test scores in Chinese patients with T2DM. We found the increasing of body mass index (BMI) might lead to cognitive impairment and induce inflammatory response. Higher saturated fatty acids (SFAs) levels in plasma were linked to cognitive decline, while higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake might be a protective factor for cognitive function. In addition, most polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) levels stood out as having increasing trends that were positively correlated to cognitive function scores. In our study, we found higher SFAs led to higher proinflammatory factor levels. Apart from that, MUFAs and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-18 (SCD-18) were positively related to hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P<0.05; P<0.05; P<0.05). Meanwhile, our result also indicated that the increasing of C18:0 might reduce MoCA language skill scores by regulating plasma IL-10 levels. Plasma fatty acids could improve or damage cognitive function by regulating IL-10, which suggested plasma fatty acids could be evaluated as a potential indicator of cognitive function decline in T2DM.

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The association between plasma fatty acid and cognitive function mediated by inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-577863/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Shen ◽

Kaifeng Li ◽

Huiyan Yu ◽

Bingjie Ding ◽

Rong Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Plasma Fatty Acids

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the cognitive function of 372 Chinese patients (214 males and 158 females; the average age was 57.09 ± 9.00 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), with Plasma fatty acids measured by gas chromatography analysis and inflammatory cytokines determined by immune turbidimetric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate whether there was a correlation between the plasma fatty acids, plasma inflammatory cytokine levels and cognitive test scores in Chinese patients with T2DM. We found the increasing of body mass index (BMI) might lead to cognitive impairment and induce inflammatory response. Higher saturated fatty acids (SFAs) levels in plasma were linked to cognitive decline, while higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake might be a protective factor for cognitive function. In addition, most polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) levels stood out as having increasing trends that were positively correlated to cognitive function scores. In our study, we found higher SFAs led to higher proinflammatory factor levels. Apart from that, MUFAs and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-18 (SCD-18) were positively related to hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P<0.05; P<0.05; P<0.05). Meanwhile, our result also indicated that the increasing of C18:0 might reduce MoCA language skill scores by regulating plasma IL-10 levels. Plasma fatty acids could improve or damage cognitive function by regulating IL-10, which suggested plasma fatty acids could be evaluated as a potential indicator of cognitive function decline in T2DM.

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Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-015-3730-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 (11) ◽

pp. 2533-2544 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Maria A. Lankinen ◽

Alena Stančáková ◽

Matti Uusitupa ◽

Jyrki Ågren ◽

Jussi Pihlajamäki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Fatty Acids

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The Association Between Plasma Fatty Acid and Cognitive Function Mediated by Inflammation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-577863/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Shen ◽

Kaifeng Li ◽

Huiyan Yu ◽

Bingjie Ding ◽

Rong Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Plasma Fatty Acids ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background High fat diet may lead to systematic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes, which eventually result in neuronal damage and cognitive decline. However, there is a paucity of study examined whether inflammation mediated the association between diet fatty acids and cognitive function in type 2 patients with diabetes. Methods We evaluated the cognitive function of 372 Chinese patients with diabetes, using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Plasma fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography analysis. Inflammatory cytokines were determined by immune turbidimetric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression based on R program and mediation model was established by Mplus. Results In our study, we found the increasing of BMI may lead to cognitive impairment and induce inflammatory response. We also found higher SFAs levels in plasma were linked to cognitive decline, while higher MUFAs intake might be a protective factor for cognitive function. In addition, most PUFAs levels stood out as having increasing trends that were positively correlated to cognitive function scores, but n-6 PUFAs gave opposite results. In our study, we found higher SFAs led to higher proinflammatory factor levels. Apart from that, MUFAs, SCD-16 and SCD-18 were positively related to hs-CRP. Interestingly, we found PUFAs were negatively related to IL-10. Meanwhile, this result also indicated that C18:0 might reduce MoCA language skills scores by regulating plasma IL-10 levels. Conclusions Plasma fatty acids could improve or damage cognitive function by regulating IL-10, which suggested that plasma fatty acids can be evaluated as a potential indicator of cognitive function decline in 2 type diabetes.

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