Two Species of Commercial Flatfish, Winter Flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, and American Plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides, as Sentinels of Environmental Pollution

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Induced Cytochrome P4501A in Winter Flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, from Offshore and Coastal Sites

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Monosson ◽  
John J. Stegeman
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Boston Harbor ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Cytochrome P4501a ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Specific Activities

Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), Aroclor 1254 (A1254), and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) were measured in liver of winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, from Boston Harbor, Mass., Hempsted Harbor, N.Y., Niantic, Conn., and an offshore site, Georges Bank. We also measured CYP1A content and activity in flounder from Passamaquoddy Bay, N.B. Concentrations of A1254 and TCB were the least in fish from Georges Bank (0.46 and 0.002 μg∙g dry weight−1, respectively); concentrations in fish from Boston, Niantic, and Hempsted ranged from 7.6 to 11.3 μg∙g−1 and from 0.013 to 0.024 μg∙g−1. Immunodetected microsomal CYP1A contents (expressed as scup P450E equivalents) were 0.17 and 0.19 nmol∙mg−1 in fish from Georges Bank and Passamaquoddy and 0.25–0.41 nmol∙mg−1 in fish from Boston, Niantic, and Hempsted. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase specific activities likewise were greater in fish from Boston, Niantic, and Hempsted (1.7–2.4 nmol∙min−1∙mg−1) than in fish from Georges Bank or Passamaquoddy (0.83 and 0.61 nmol∙min−1∙mg−1). CYP1A content and activity were correlated with hepatic concentrations of A1254 and TCB. These data, together with data reported in previous studies, indicate that strong induction of CYP1A protein occurs in winter flounder populations along most of the industrialized east coast and that induction of CYP1A is common, but less strong, at sites distant from the urban centers of the Northeast.

Chemical contaminants and hepatic lesions in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) from the northeast coast of the United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 2759-2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndal L. Johnson ◽  
Carla M. Stehr ◽  
O. Paul Olson ◽  
Mark S. Myers ◽  
Susan M. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Northeast Coast

Interannual Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO) Activity in Winter Flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) from a Coal Tar Contaminated Estuary

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1368-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vignier ◽  
J. H. Vandermeulen ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
D. Mossman
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Erod Activity ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Sydney Estuary ◽  
Pyrene Hydroxylase

7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BaPH), and cytochromes P-450 (cyt-P450) and b5 (cyt-b5) varied annually in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) collected in August of 1987, 1988, and 1989 from a coal tar contaminated estuary (Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada). For August 1989, with fish available from all estuary areas, these indices correlated strongly with a spatial (along estuary) gradient in PAH in bottom sediments (7.19 ± 6.59–191 ± 184 μg g dry weight−1). Mean EROD activities in flounder near the coal tar source were up to seven times those in other estuary areas and paralleled sediment PAH loadings; however, standard deviations were high. Correlations for all MFO indices and sediment PAH were obtained in female flounder (P < 0.01: EROD, cyt-b5, cyt-P450; P < 0.02: BaPH). For male flounder the trend was similar, but only cyt-P450 correlated with sediment PAH (P < 0.017). BaPH activity was highest near the coal tar source but was more variable and less sensitive to pollutant levels than EROD activity. Somatic indices in fish from Sydney estuary and St. George's Bay were similar. Winter flounder are vulnerable to PAH-induced MFO activities from coal tar contaminated sediments, but MFO induction does not occur equally in all fish; single-season or single-year data must be interpreted with caution.

Aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments: a chronic toxicity study with winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) exposed to oil well drill cuttings

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2724-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Payne ◽  
L. L Fancey ◽  
J. Hellou ◽  
M. J. King ◽  
G. L. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Drill Cuttings

Most studies on the chronic toxicity of hydrocarbons have focused on the polycyclic aromatic component; however, information is also required on the chronic toxicity of other classes of hydrocarbons. This need has been brought to the forefront by the controversy about the use of aliphatic hydrocarbon-based drilling fluids at petroleum development sites in the marine environment. Dose–response relationships were studied for a variety of indices in a chronic toxicity study with winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) exposed to sediments contaminated with drill cuttings enriched in hydrocarbons. The indices investigated were biologically meaningful and included organ and body condition indices, muscle and liver energy reserves, mixed-function oxygenase detoxification enzymes, blood parameters, and liver and gill histopathology. There was no evidence of dose–response relationships and most indices remained unaffected even at the highest exposure level. The study supports the hypothesis that the aliphatic component of complex hydrocarbon mixtures is relatively nontoxic, and it will be of particular interest for evaluating the scope of environmental risks associated with the use of oil-base drilling fluids in the marine environment.

Beta2-adrenoceptors mediate melanosome dispersion in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus))

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Mayo ◽  
D Burton
Keyword(s):  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pigment Dispersion ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Release Of Noradrenaline ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptors ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Although the melanosome-aggregating mediation of catecholamines through alpha -adrenoceptors is well established for teleost melanophores, the regulation of the dispersive process is not as clearly understood. The melanosome-aggregating effect of high concentrations of catecholamines in vitro is reversed at low concentrations with melanophores of the winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus. In vitro incubation in low concentrations of isoproterenol ( <<= 10-7 M) and noradrenaline ( <<= 10-8 M) enhances Na + -induced melanosome dispersion in balanced salt solution, which can be depressed by propranolol (10-4 M), indicating beta -adrenoceptor mediation in pigment dispersion. The subtype of this adrenoceptor appears to be the beta 2 conformation, since the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline (>=>3.15 times 10-6 M) reverses the melanosome-aggregating effect associated with higher concentrations of noradrenaline and with electrical stimulation. It is concluded that in this species there is adrenergic neuronal control of melanosome aggregation through alpha -adrenoceptors on release of noradrenaline and of dispersion through beta 2-adrenoceptors during a subsequent decrease in concentration.

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