News on Baer–Nunziato-type model at pressure equilibrium

Second Law ◽

Boltzmann Factor ◽

Energy Currents ◽

AbstractCanonical statistical mechanics hinges on two quantities, i. e., state degeneracy and the Boltzmann factor, the latter of which usually dominates thermodynamic behaviors. A recently identified phenomenon (supradegeneracy) reverses this order of dominance and predicts effects for equilibrium that are normally associated with non-equilibrium, including population inversion and steady-state particle and energy currents. This study examines two thermodynamic paradoxes that arise from supradegeneracy and proposes laboratory experiments by which they might be resolved.

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

Entropy meters and the entropy of non-extensive systems

10.1098/rspa.2014.0192 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 470 (2167) ◽

pp. 20140192 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Elliott H. Lieb ◽

Jakob Yngvason

Keyword(s):

Surface Effects ◽

Equilibrium States ◽

Second Law ◽

Intrinsic Properties ◽

Mesoscopic Systems ◽

Entropy Functions ◽

In our derivation of the second law of thermodynamics from the relation of adiabatic accessibility of equilibrium states, we stressed the importance of being able to scale a system's size without changing its intrinsic properties. This leaves open the question of defining the entropy of macroscopic, but unscalable systems, such as gravitating bodies or systems where surface effects are important. We show here how the problem can be overcome, in principle, with the aid of an ‘entropy meter’. An entropy meter can also be used to determine entropy functions for non-equilibrium states and mesoscopic systems.

The trouble with entropy

Journal of Plasma Physics ◽

10.1017/s0022377898006606 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 619-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. de HAAN ◽

C. D. GEORGE

Keyword(s):

Symmetry Breaking ◽

The State ◽

Large System ◽

Second Law ◽

Dynamical Description ◽

An understanding of the mechanisms leading to the symmetry breaking of the dynamical description of a large system with respect to the direction of time is necessary, but not sufficient to ensure the finding of a functional of the state of the system that would satisfy the requirements placed by the Second Law of Thermodynamics upon the non-equilibrium entropy S.

Cosmology in scalar–tensor–vector theory via thermodynamics

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732318501377 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (24) ◽

pp. 1850137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Onur Siginc ◽

Mustafa Salti ◽

Hilmi Yanar ◽

Oktay Aydogdu

Keyword(s):

Apparent Horizon ◽

Entropy Function ◽

Second Law ◽

Generalized Second Law ◽

Vector Theory ◽

Theory Of Gravity ◽

The Universe ◽

Assuming the universe as a thermodynamical system, the second law of thermodynamics can be extended to another form including the sum of matter and horizon entropies, which is called the generalized second law of thermodynamics. The generalized form of the second law (GSL) is universal which means it holds both in non-equilibrium and equilibrium pictures of thermodynamics. Considering the universe is bounded by a dynamical apparent horizon, we investigate the nature of entropy function for the validity of GSL in the scalar–tensor–vector (STEVE) theory of gravity.

A Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics-Based View of the Kinetics of Autocatalytic Reactions – a Simple Illustrative Example

10.26434/chemrxiv.12519938 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Miloslav Pekař

Keyword(s):

Rate Equations ◽

Second Law ◽

Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽

Autocatalytic Reactions ◽

Chemical Potentials ◽

Entropic Inequality ◽

Reaction Stoichiometry ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Autocatalytic reactions are in a certain contrast with the linear algebra of reaction stoichiometry, on whose basis rate equations respecting the permanence of atoms are constructed. These mathematical models of chemical reactions are termed conservative.Using a non-equilibrium thermodynamics-based theory of chemical kinetics, this paper demonstrates how to properly introduce an autocatalytic step into a (conservative) rate equation. Further, rate equations based on chemical potentials or affinities are derived, and conditions for the consistency of rate equations with entropic inequality (the second law of thermodynamics) are illustrated.<br><div><br></div>

Non-equilibrium Dynamics in the Quantum Brownian Oscillator and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Journal of Statistical Physics ◽

10.1007/s10955-011-0375-8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 146 (1) ◽

pp. 217-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ilki Kim

Keyword(s):

Second Law ◽

Equilibrium Dynamics ◽

Brownian Oscillator ◽

A Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics-Based View of the Kinetics of Autocatalytic Reactions – a Simple Illustrative Example

10.26434/chemrxiv.12519938.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Miloslav Pekař

Keyword(s):

Rate Equations ◽

Second Law ◽

Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽

Autocatalytic Reactions ◽

Chemical Potentials ◽

Entropic Inequality ◽

Reaction Stoichiometry ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Autocatalytic reactions are in a certain contrast with the linear algebra of reaction stoichiometry, on whose basis rate equations respecting the permanence of atoms are constructed. These mathematical models of chemical reactions are termed conservative.Using a non-equilibrium thermodynamics-based theory of chemical kinetics, this paper demonstrates how to properly introduce an autocatalytic step into a (conservative) rate equation. Further, rate equations based on chemical potentials or affinities are derived, and conditions for the consistency of rate equations with entropic inequality (the second law of thermodynamics) are illustrated.<br><div><br></div>

The Second Law and Entropy Misconceptions Demystified

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e22060648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 648

Author(s):

Milivoje M. Kostic

Keyword(s):

Quantum Physics ◽

Open Systems ◽

Second Law ◽

Mass Energy ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Ordered Structures ◽

Thermodynamic Entropy ◽

Thermal Disorder ◽

The challenges and claims of hypothetical violations of the Second Law of thermodynamics have been a topic of many scientific, philosophical and social publications, even in the most prestigious scientific journals. Fascination with challenging the Second Law has further accelerated throughout the development of statistical and quantum physics, and information theory. It is phenomenologically reasoned here that non-equilibrium, useful work-energy potential is always dissipated to heat, and thus thermodynamic entropy (a measure of thermal disorder, not any other disorder) is generated always and everywhere, at any scale without exception, including life processes, open systems, micro-fluctuations, gravity or entanglement. Furthermore, entropy cannot be destroyed by any means at any scale (entropy is conserved in ideal, reversible processes and irreversibly generated in real processes), and thus, entropy cannot overall decrease, but only overall increase. Creation of ordered structures or live species always dissipate useful energy and generate entropy, without exception, and thus without Second Law violation. Entropy destruction would imply spontaneous increase in non-equilibrium, with mass-energy flux displacement against cause-and-effect, natural forces, as well as negate the reversible existence of the very equilibrium. In fact, all resolved challengers’ paradoxes and misleading violations of the Second Law to date have been resolved in favor of the Second Law and never against. We are still to witness a single, still open Second Law violation, to be confirmed.