Spatial competition with quadratic transport costs and one online firm

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chung Guo ◽  
Fu-Chuan Lai
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Transport Costs

scholarly journals Spatial competition with concave transport costs

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. de Frutos ◽  
H. Hamoudi ◽  
X. Jarque
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Transport Costs

scholarly journals The spatial competition between containerised rail and sea transport in Eurasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqiu Lu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Robin Morphet ◽  
Yuqi Lu ◽  
Enkang Li
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Time Costs ◽  
Spatial Partition ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Competition Pattern

Abstract The competition in space between rail and sea transport is of great significance to the integration of Eurasia. This paper proposes a land and sea transport spatial balance model for container transport, which can extract a partition line on which transport costs by rail and sea are equal given a destination. Four scenarios are discussed to analyse the effects of different factors on the model. Then the model is empirically tested on current rail and sea transport networks to identify the transport competition pattern in Eurasia. The location of destinations, the freight costs, and time costs are the three main factors affecting the model. Among them, time costs are determined by the value of a container and its contents, the interest rate, and by time differences between land and sea transport. The case study shows that Eurasia forms a transport competition pattern with a land area to sea area ratio of about 1:2; this ratio, however, changes to 1:1 when time costs are considered. Further, the land and sea transport balance lines are consistent with the theories of geopolitics, which indicate that the same processes may exist in the spatial pattern of geo-economics and geopolitics in Eurasia. According to the balance lines, we get a spatial partition, dividing Eurasia into the land transport preferred area, the land–sea transport indifference area, and the sea transport preferred area. The paper brings a new perspective to the exploration of geopolitical economic spatial patterns of Eurasia and provides a practical geographic theory as an analytic basis for the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.

The Effect of Distance Metric on the Degree of Spatial Competition between Firms

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Rushton ◽  
J-C Thill
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Distance Metric ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
Pricing Behavior ◽  
Euclidean Distances

The proportion of a firm's market-area that is within a given, small, proportional difference in delivered-price between itself and its principal competitor, is an important measure of spatial competition. It is shown that for regular triangular and irregular spatial patterns of firms, areas of intense spatial competition are larger when transport costs are proportional to euclidean distances rather than to block distances, but this is not true for a regular square pattern. In an irregular pattern of firms, for each metric, the proportion of a firm's market-area in the area of intense spatial competition varies markedly from firm to firm. The locational and pricing behavior of firms is expected to be influenced by the size and locations of these areas of spatial competition.

Determinants of Brazilian Exports by Levels of Technological Intensity: A Gravity Model Analysis Using the PPML Estimator

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 861-879
Author(s):  
Edson Roberto Vieira ◽  
◽  
Daniel Henrique Alves Reis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Market ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Technological Intensity

The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of Brazilian exports by levels of technological intensity in the period 2000-2015. Gravity models were estimated for total of the exports and for each type of exports by levels of technological intensity, using the PPML-estimator. The study indicates that there is a process of concentration of Brazilian exports in low technology and medium-low technology products, at the same period in which China's share of total Brazilian shipments abroad grew. Estimates of empirical gravity models have shown that the income and size of the consumer market of Brazil’s trading partners seem to have the greatest positive influence on the Brazilian exports. Indications of this study are that the Brazil should continue to diversify its trading partners to minimize the impacts of a possible reduction of the economic growth of large trading partners (such as China and the US) on its exports and increase its exports of products with greater technological intensity. The results also highlight the need for Brazil to make greater efforts to increase its competitiveness in the international market to reduce the negative impacts of transport costs on the final prices of products exported by the country.

Case Study: Maximizing Business Performance by Optimizing Supply Chain Of LNG-C Distribution of 9 Gas Power Plants with A Capacity of 780 MW in Eastern Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wara
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Power ◽  
First Year ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Logistics Optimization ◽  
The Government ◽  
Milk Run

The Government of Indonesia plans to build 9 gas power plants in South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi and Southeast Nusa Tenggara with a total power capacity of 780 MW with an estimated actual gas demand of 46.56 MMSCFD which are planned to be supplied by the Bontang terminal, DS-LNG, Masela LNG, and Tangguh LNG. LNG-C logistics optimization is needed to get the best transportation scenario regarding the eastern region which consists of scattered islands and inadequate infrastructure. This study analyzes and evaluates the best-case scenarios by comparing the time and cost variables. The process of planning the supply chain starts from determining the upstream-downstream distribution scheme and then calculates the shipping distance which results in the determination of the quantity, capacity and shipping of the LNG-C. Based on the analysis and calculation of the logistics, it is concluded that there are 3 divisions of clusters of Kalimantan-Sulawesi, NTT and NTB having estimated needs in a row of 18.06, 18.8, and 9.7 MMSCFD with the Milk-Run transportation method. Logistics optimization results show that scenario 1 has an efficiency value of 87% with an LNG-C transport capacity of 0.35 MMSCF, a roundtrip cruise time of 8.6 days and the number of shipments is 36 / year. The detailed analysis of costs in scenario A is 1-2 USD / MMBTU for the milk and run transportation method, 1.49-1.73 USD / MBTU for LNG-C transport costs, and regasification costs which are 1.0-3.7 USD / MMBTU. Based on the above results it can be calculated that the price of gas in the first year of implementation was 13.4 USD / MMBTU, so the total value below this supply chain was Rp.8,812,876,800.00. Therefore, this idea was created as a solution for the initial steps for the utilization of the domestic natural gas distribution

Spatial Competition with Interacting Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Ottino-Loffler ◽  
Forrest Stonedahl ◽  
Vipin Veetil ◽  
Uri Wilensky
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Interacting Agents
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