The spatial competition between containerised rail and sea transport in Eurasia

Abstract The competition in space between rail and sea transport is of great significance to the integration of Eurasia. This paper proposes a land and sea transport spatial balance model for container transport, which can extract a partition line on which transport costs by rail and sea are equal given a destination. Four scenarios are discussed to analyse the effects of different factors on the model. Then the model is empirically tested on current rail and sea transport networks to identify the transport competition pattern in Eurasia. The location of destinations, the freight costs, and time costs are the three main factors affecting the model. Among them, time costs are determined by the value of a container and its contents, the interest rate, and by time differences between land and sea transport. The case study shows that Eurasia forms a transport competition pattern with a land area to sea area ratio of about 1:2; this ratio, however, changes to 1:1 when time costs are considered. Further, the land and sea transport balance lines are consistent with the theories of geopolitics, which indicate that the same processes may exist in the spatial pattern of geo-economics and geopolitics in Eurasia. According to the balance lines, we get a spatial partition, dividing Eurasia into the land transport preferred area, the land–sea transport indifference area, and the sea transport preferred area. The paper brings a new perspective to the exploration of geopolitical economic spatial patterns of Eurasia and provides a practical geographic theory as an analytic basis for the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Download Full-text

DETERMINAN INFLASI DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1980-2015

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.24123/jeb.v21i1.1631 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Risna Risna

Keyword(s):

Interest Rate ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Money Supply ◽

Government Spending ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

State Spending ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Interest Rate

This study aims to determine the effect of government spending, the money supply, the interest rate of Bank Indonesia against inflation.This study uses secondary data. Secondary data were obtained directly from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. It can be said that there are factors affecting inflationas government spending, money supply, and interest rates BI. The reseach uses a quantitative approach to methods of e-views in the data. The results of analysis of three variables show that state spending significantand positive impact on inflationin Indonesia, the money supply significantand negative to inflationin Indonesia, BI rate a significantand positive impact on inflation in Indonesia

Download Full-text

Corporate Accountability Towards Species Extinction Protection: Insights from Ecologically Forward-Thinking Companies

Journal of Business Ethics ◽

10.1007/s10551-021-04800-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lee Roberts ◽

Monomita Nandy ◽

Abeer Hassan ◽

Suman Lodh ◽

Ahmed A. Elamer

Keyword(s):

Habitat Destruction ◽

Corporate Accountability ◽

Socially Responsible ◽

Species Extinction ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Sixth Mass Extinction ◽

Global Companies ◽

New Perspective ◽

Mass Extinction Event ◽

Pseudo Maximum Likelihood

AbstractThis paper contributes to biodiversity and species extinction literature by examining the relationship between corporate accountability in terms of species protection and factors affecting such accountability from forward-thinking companies. We use triangulation of theories, namely deep ecology, legitimacy, and we introduce a new perspective to the stakeholder theory that considers species as a ‘stakeholder’. Using Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) regression, we examine a sample of 200 Fortune Global companies over 3 years. Our results indicate significant positive relations between ecologically conscious companies that are accountable for the protection of biodiversity and species extinction and external assurance, environmental performance, partnerships with socially responsible organizations and awards for sustainable activities. Our empirical results appear to be robust in controlling for possible endogeneities. Our findings contribute to the discussion on the concern of species loss and habitat destruction in the context of corporate accountability, especially in responding to the sixth mass extinction event and COVID-19 crisis. Our results can also guide the policymakers and stakeholders of the financial market in better decision making.

Download Full-text

Policy and institutions facilitating entrepreneurial spin-offs: USA, Asia and Europe

Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy ◽

10.1108/jepp-04-2013-0013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 186-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rosa Caiazza ◽

David Audretsch ◽

Tiziana Volpe ◽

Julie Debra Singer

Keyword(s):

Institutional Setting ◽

Policy Debate ◽

Content Type ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Institutional Settings ◽

The Usa ◽

New Perspective ◽

National Analysis ◽

The Impact ◽

Cross National

Purpose – Existing work documents the role that institutional setting plays in the process of spin-off creation. However, despite decades of studies, scholars have not clearly explained why some regions are more involved in spin-off activity than others. Drawing from institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to compare different institutional settings identifying factors affecting the general environment capability to support spin-off activity of a specific region. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilize a cross-national analysis of American, Asian, and European areas identifying factors affecting their different rate of spin-off activity. This study contributes to the policy debate concerning entrepreneurship and how best to spur spin-off activities. Findings – In this paper, the authors identify the general and specific factors that explain the cross-national diversity in spin-off creation. The authors then perform an analysis of the impact of these factors in various regions of the USA, Asia, and Europe, providing evidence for the necessity of specific combinations of these factors. Originality/value – The paper offers a new perspective on the causes of spin-offs through a cross-national analysis of many areas around the world.

Download Full-text

Does E-Money Affect Inflation In Indonesia

Primanomics Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis ◽

10.31253/pe.v19i1.500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Andres Dharma Nurhalim

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Interest Rate ◽

Exchange Rates ◽

Money Supply ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

Electronic Money ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Main Factors ◽

The Interest Rate ◽

Main Components

The purpose of this study aims to explain the effect of electronic money on inflation and how much influence it has on the Indonesian economy. In this study the authors used a quantitative approach. The variables used are inflation, electronic money, exchange rate, money supply (M1), and BI interest rate. Result: The previous money supply (LQMprev) and the interest rate (BI Rate) were the main factors affecting inflation. In this result, e-money and exchange rates are not the main components driving inflation. Based on SPPS processing using regression, e-money and exchange rates do not have a significant effect on inflation in Indonesia, but LQMprev has a significant effect on inflation. From the results of this study it is still too early to analyze the effect of e-money on inflation because it is still relatively new in Indonesia.

Download Full-text

An Analysis of Ibn-Khaldun’s Theory in light of Covid-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Criminology and Sociology ◽

10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Mohammed Musallem Binham Alameri ◽

◽

Khawlah M. AL- Tkhayneh

Keyword(s):

Social Change ◽

Human Factors ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Ibn Khaldun ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Natural Factors ◽

Current Events ◽

Future Events ◽

New Perspective ◽

The Impact

This argumentative paper presents a new perspective on Ibn-khaldun’s theory of social change in light of Covid-19. It argues that when examining the theory, it can be found that it makes an association between social change and natural factors, such as epidemics and human factors, such as government changes. The target theory which is explored in this study is the cyclical theory of Ibn-khaldun. This study adopts the former theory in order to analyze the effects of Covid-19 on the Arab-Islamic society, and how this theory was able to predict many of the current events and possible future events using social and historical approaches. The paper consists of four parts as follows: First, an overview of Ibn-khaldun’s theory of social change and its philosophy is provided. Second, the role of human factors in social change according to Ibn-khaldun is explored. Third, natural factors affecting social change according to Ibn-khaldun are discussed. Finally, the impact of Covid-19 on our way of life in relation to Ibn-khaldun’s theory of social change is examined.

Download Full-text

Datum ranking and analysis of factors affecting tire wear

News of the Ural State Mining University ◽

10.21440/2307-2091-2020-1-164-169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 164-169

Author(s):

El’dar Kamil’evich ABDULAEV ◽

Keyword(s):

Production Management ◽

Economic Effect ◽

Technical Condition ◽

Transport Costs ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Field Development ◽

Dump Trucks ◽

Tire Production ◽

Main Factors ◽

And Performance

Relevance of the work. The operational efficiency and technical condition of mining vehicles to a large extent depend on the service life and performance characteristics of tires. The most important technological process that determines the effectiveness of field development is the transportation of rock mass. The share of motor transport costs in the total cost and production by open method at Russian mining enterprises is significant, and reaches 70% as the depth of open pits (cuts) increases. At the same time, the actual productivity of mining trucks is much lower than their technical and technological capabilities, and this difference is up to 2.5 times or more for various brands of vehicles, including imported ones. Today, both consumers and manufacturers of large tires are interested in the most efficient tire production management. Purpose of the work: consideration of the main factors affecting tyre life, as well as datum ranking of these factors to determine the degree of significance of each factor. Methodology of research. The systematic approach was used including datum ranking method, some analytical, computational methods and generalization. Results. The ranking was carried out by three independent groups of experts on a number of proposed factors. The main factors in each group were identified and the degree of agreement between the opinions of the interviewed specialists was evaluated. The general opinion of various expert groups on the significance and ranking of factors affecting the integrity of giant tires is confirmed. Conclusions. Datum ranking and analysis of factors affecting the wear of giant tires of mining dump trucks significantly affect the optimization of machine operation and, with appropriate adjustments, can give a positive economic effect.

Download Full-text

FAKTOR KEPUASAN WISATAWAN PENGGUNA TRANSPORTASI LAUT DARI BALI KE GILI TRAWANGAN

Jurnal IPTA ◽

10.24843/ipta.2018.v06.i02.p06 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Syukriyan Abrar Syah ◽

Ni Gusti Ayu Susrami Dewi ◽

Putu Agus Wikanatha Sagita

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Service ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Sea Transport ◽

Marine Transportation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Cost Factor ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

The Cost ◽

Selection Of

This research aims to analyze factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists in the use of marine transportation from Bali toward Gili Trawangan. The benefits of this research useful to the company in improving the services for tourists who will use the services of a crosswalk leading to Gili Trawangan.The respondents in this research totalled 190 respondents, the selection of the sample using the method of purposive sampling, the data in this study were analyzed using the analysis factors that help by statistikal program SPSS version 17.0 for windows. The results of this study are: 1) the satisfaction of tourists in the use of sea transport in general are at a level of satisfaction. 2) there are three factors that affect the satisfaction of tourists formed i.e. factors quality of maids, the cost factor & ease factors and product quality. Quality of service factor is the most dominant factor influencing the satisfaction of travellers with variable reliability as the dominant variables, and the variable availability schedule is a variable that must be improved.

Download Full-text

Propagation of soil moisture memory to streamflow and evapotranspiration in Europe

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-17-3895-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3895-3911 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. Orth ◽

S. I. Seneviratne

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Balance Model ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Meteorological Forcing ◽

Main Driver ◽

Memory Persistence ◽

New Perspective ◽

Using Data ◽

Frequency Variations

Abstract. As a key variable of the land-climate system soil moisture is a main driver of streamflow and evapotranspiration under certain conditions. Soil moisture furthermore exhibits outstanding memory (persistence) characteristics. Many studies also report distinct low frequency variations for streamflow, which are likely related to soil moisture memory. Using data from over 100 near-natural catchments located across Europe, we investigate in this study the connection between soil moisture memory and the respective memory of streamflow and evapotranspiration on different time scales. For this purpose we use a simple water balance model in which dependencies of runoff (normalised by precipitation) and evapotranspiration (normalised by radiation) on soil moisture are fitted using streamflow observations. The model therefore allows us to compute the memory characteristics of soil moisture, streamflow and evapotranspiration on the catchment scale. We find considerable memory in soil moisture and streamflow in many parts of the continent, and evapotranspiration also displays some memory at monthly time scale in some catchments. We show that the memory of streamflow and evapotranspiration jointly depend on soil moisture memory and on the strength of the coupling of streamflow and evapotranspiration to soil moisture. Furthermore, we find that the coupling strengths of streamflow and evapotranspiration to soil moisture depend on the shape of the fitted dependencies and on the variance of the meteorological forcing. To better interpret the magnitude of the respective memories across Europe, we finally provide a new perspective on hydrological memory by relating it to the mean duration required to recover from anomalies exceeding a certain threshold.

Download Full-text