A new approach to monitoring the operational success of shot peening with electromechanical impedance technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Tekkalmaz ◽  
Ümit Er ◽  
Fatih Hayati Çakir ◽  
Fatih Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Shot Peening ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Technique

A new approach to monitor wear tracks propagation on-site with electromechanical impedance technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110149
Author(s):  
Mesut Tekkalmaz ◽  
Ümit Er ◽  
Fatih Hayati Çakir ◽  
Fatih Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Periodic Maintenance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Impedance Technique ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Vibration Noise

Generally, the determination of the wear in the mechanical systems is done by checking the critical components in periodic maintenance or by monitoring the secondary indicators such as vibration, noise, and temperature. These indicators can only be recognized after the wear reaches a certain level. In this study, an approach has been carried out on the use of the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method. In this study, EMI measurements were carried out depending on the different test samples, representing a different amount of wear level and wear location of the AISI 1040 steel block. The test samples were worn out in a controlled laboratory environment. The impedance measurements were taken before and after wear tests for each sample. Different measurements were made, and damage metrics were calculated and compared with the reference measurement made; the amount of the wear could be monitored primarily using the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) method without dismantling the system. The location of wear could be determined by Correlation Coefficient Deviation (CCD) technique. In this study, it has been demonstrated that it could be possible to monitor the progress of wear in sensitive mechanical systems periodically without disturbing the integrity of the machine system.

Removal of temperature effect in impedance-based damage detection using the cointegration method

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (15) ◽  
pp. 2189-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Li ◽  
Wenzhong Qu ◽  
Li Xiao ◽  
Ye Lu
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Impedance Technique

Electromechanical impedance technique has been widely used in the area of structural health monitoring. However, both damage and variation in environmental temperature can cause the changes in electromechanical impedance signature, which may cause false damage diagnosis. The temperature effect on the electromechanical impedance-based method has been one of its main drawbacks in practical application. This article proposes a new approach based on cointegration to eliminate temperature interference in the electromechanical impedance technique. The augmented Dickey–Fuller test is used to analyze the stationary characteristics of the time series and determine the degree of non-stationarity. The Johansen test is used to obtain the cointegrating residuals instead of the direct electromechanical impedance responses for damage detection. The proposed method is verified on the undamaged and damaged steel plates with the consideration of environmental temperature variations. The damage detection was based on the electromechanical impedance technique in which the peak frequency is chosen as a cointegrated variable. The experimental results show that the cointegration method can remove the temperature effect on the electromechanical impedance responses, and the cointegrating residuals are effective indices to indicate the occurrence of damage.

Non Destructive Evaluation Based on Impedance Method Using Embedded PZT Sensor

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Yu Xu ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
Shi Feng Huang ◽  
Min Hua Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Impedance Spectra ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Non Destructive Evaluation ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Impedance Technique ◽  
Impedance Curve ◽  
Non Destructive

The structural damage of mortar caused by simulated crack was evaluated using embedded PZT sensor combining with dynamic electromechanical impedance technique. The influence of embedded PZT sensors layout on detecting structural damage induced by the simulated cracks was also investigated. The results indicate that with increasing the simulated crack depth, the impedance real part of PZT sensors shift leftwards accompanying with the appearance of new peaks in the spectra. When more simulated cracks occur, the shift of the impedance curve becomes more obvious, and the amounts of new peaks in the impedance spectra also increase. RMSD indices of the structures with PZT sensors embedded in them with different layout can show the structural incipient damage clearly. With increasing more simulated cracks in the mortar structures, RMSD values of the structures with different PZT sensors layout become larger, under the same depth, RMSD indices of the structures with PZT sensor embedded transversely and horizontally in them show the increasing trend.

Method for removing temperature effect in impedance-based structural health monitoring systems using polynomial regression

2020 ◽  
pp. 147592172091712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara M Gianesini ◽  
Nicolás E Cortez ◽  
Rothschild A Antunes ◽  
Jozue Vieira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Impedance Technique ◽  
Health Monitoring Systems

Structural health monitoring systems are employed to evaluate the state of structures to detect damage, bringing economical and safety benefits. The electromechanical impedance technique is a promising damage detection tool since it evaluates structural integrity by only measuring the electrical impedance of piezoelectric transducers bonded to structures. However, in real-world applications, impedance-based damage detection systems exhibit strong temperature dependence; therefore, variations associated with temperature changes may be confused as damage. In this article, the temperature effect on the electrical impedance of piezoelectric ceramics attached to structures is analyzed. Besides, a new methodology to compensate for the temperature effect in the electromechanical impedance technique is proposed. The method is very general since it can be applied to nonlinear (polynomial) temperature and/or frequency dependences observed on the horizontal and vertical shifts of the impedance signatures. A computer algorithm that performs the compensation was developed, which can be easily incorporated into real-time damage detection systems. This compensation technique is applied successfully to two aluminum beams and one steel pipe, minimizing the effect of temperature variations on damage detection structural health monitoring systems in the temperature range from −40°C to 80°C and the frequency range from 10 to 90 kHz.

Modelling of the electromechanical impedance technique for prediction of elastic modulus of structural adhesives

2020 ◽  
pp. 147592172091692
Author(s):  
Zi Sheng Tang ◽  
Yee Yan Lim ◽  
Scott T Smith ◽  
Ricardo Vasquez Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Dynamic Elastic Modulus ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Structural Adhesives ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Impedance Technique ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

In order to strengthen and repair existing concrete structural elements, fibre-reinforced polymer composites are often externally bonded using structural adhesives. It is thus desirable to monitor the in situ performance of the sandwiched adhesive layer in such fibre-reinforced polymer–strengthened systems via its stiffness and strength gain throughout the curing process. The electromechanical impedance technique, which relies upon the utilisation of piezoelectric sensors, offers this capability. Although the technique has been verified experimentally in the laboratory, no known electromechanical impedance–based modelling study has been reported. This study, therefore, proposes the first electromechanical impedance–based finite element and analytical models to monitor the curing of structural adhesives. The dynamic elastic modulus of structural adhesives during curing can be determined from the developed models via a model updating process. Semi-empirical relationships were then developed to determine the tensile strength of structural adhesives from the resonance frequency obtained from the electromechanical impedance technique. This was made possible by correlation between static tensile tests on structural adhesives and the dynamic elastic modulus. These electromechanical impedance–based models were found to perform equally well when compared to the previously developed wave propagation–based models. This study shows the robustness of the electromechanical impedance technique for non-destructively predicting the dynamic elastic modulus and tensile strength of adhesives throughout the curing process.

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