Cortical excitability and motor task in man: an investigation of the wrist extensor motor area

2002 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Aimonetti ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Wrist Extensor

scholarly journals Encoding of speed and direction of movement in the human supplementary motor area

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Tankus ◽  
Yehezkel Yeshurun ◽  
Tamar Flash ◽  
Itzhak Fried
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Depth Electrodes

Object The supplementary motor area (SMA) plays an important role in planning, initiation, and execution of motor acts. Patients with SMA lesions are impaired in various kinematic parameters, such as velocity and duration of movement. However, the relationships between neuronal activity and these parameters in the human brain have not been fully characterized. This is a study of single-neuron activity during a continuous volitional motor task, with the goal of clarifying these relationships for SMA neurons and other frontal lobe regions in humans. Methods The participants were 7 patients undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery requiring implantation of intracranial depth electrodes. Single-unit recordings were conducted while the patients played a computer game involving movement of a cursor in a simple maze. Results In the SMA proper, most of the recorded units exhibited a monotonic relationship between the unit firing rate and hand motion speed. The vast majority of SMA proper units with this property showed an inverse relation, that is, firing rate decrease with speed increase. In addition, most of the SMA proper units were selective to the direction of hand motion. These relationships were far less frequent in the pre-SMA, anterior cingulate gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex. Conclusions The findings suggest that the SMA proper takes part in the control of kinematic parameters of endeffector motion, and thus lend support to the idea of connecting neuroprosthetic devices to the human SMA.

Recovery of motor performance deterioration induced by a demanding finger motor task does not follow cortical excitability dynamics

Neuroscience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Avanzino ◽  
A. Tacchino ◽  
G. Abbruzzese ◽  
A. Quartarone ◽  
M.F. Ghilardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Performance Deterioration

S147. Effect of 1 Hz and 5 Hz rTMS over supplementary motor area on motor cortical excitability

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. e196
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kodama ◽  
Takuya Sasaki ◽  
Naohiko Togashi ◽  
Yusuke Sugiyama ◽  
Yuichiro Shirota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Motor Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Cortical

Supplementary motor area in the monkey: activity of neurons during performance of a learned motor task

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brinkman ◽  
R. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Primary Motor Area ◽  
Number Of Cells

1. Recordings were made of the natural discharges of neurons in the supplementary motor area (SMA) of conscious monkeys trained to perform stereotyped motor task, pulling a horizontal lever, with either hand. 2. Of the total population of cells, 80% showed modulation of their activity during particular movements of either limb. Many cells had a similar pattern of modulation regardless of whether the contralateral or ipsilateral hand was used. Of the remaining 20%, some cells were related to leg or body movements or to visual experience. 3. Cells whose activity was related to movements of distal joints were found in approximately equal numbers to those whose discharges occurred with proximal movements. 4. Only 5% of cells tested sent their axons into the pyramidal tract, and only 14% of units investigated showed responses to passive manipulation of the limbs. The effective afferent input usually was of a rather complex kind. 5. The findings suggest that the discharges of a large number of neurons in SMA are changing during particular movements of either arm, and that only a small number of cells receive peripheral afferent sensory input. These results contrast with those obtained in the primary motor area and suggest a different role for SMA in the control of movement.

scholarly journals Cardiac Activity Impacts Cortical Motor Excitability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Al ◽  
Tilman Stephani ◽  
Melina Engelhardt ◽  
Arno Villringer ◽  
Vadim Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Motor Excitability

Abstract Human cognition and action can be influenced by internal bodily processes such as heartbeats. For instance, somatosensory perception is impaired both during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle and when heartbeats evoke stronger cortical responses. Here, we test whether these cardiac effects originate from overall changes in cortical excitability. Cortical and corticospinal excitability were assessed using electroencephalographic and electromyographic responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation while concurrently monitoring cardiac activity with electrocardiography. Cortical and corticospinal excitability were found to be highest during systole and following stronger cortical responses to heartbeats. Furthermore, in a motor task, hand-muscle activity and the associated desynchronization of sensorimotor oscillations were stronger during systole. These results suggest that systolic cardiac signals have a facilitatory effect on motor excitability – in contrast to sensory attenuation that was previously reported for somatosensory perception. Thus, distinct time windows may exist across the cardiac cycle that either optimize perception or action.

scholarly journals Dissociation of Motor Task-Induced Cortical Excitability and Pain Perception Changes in Healthy Volunteers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e34273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena S. Volz ◽  
Mariana Mendonca ◽  
Fernando S. Pinheiro ◽  
Huashun Cui ◽  
Marcus Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Task

Activation of the Dorsal Premotor Cortex and Pre-Supplementary Motor Area of Humans During an Auditory Conditional Motor Task

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1667-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Kurata ◽  
Toshiaki Tsuji ◽  
Satoshi Naraki ◽  
Morio Seino ◽  
Yoshinao Abe
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Opposition Movements ◽  
Motor Areas

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured regional blood flow to examine which motor areas of the human cerebral cortex are preferentially involved in an auditory conditional motor behavior. As a conditional motor task, randomly selected 330 or 660 Hz tones were presented to the subjects every 1.0 s. The low and high tones indicated that the subjects should initiate three successive opposition movements by tapping together the right thumb and index finger or the right thumb and little finger, respectively. As a control task, the same subjects were asked to alternate the two opposition movements, in response to randomly selected tones that were presented at the same frequencies. Between the two tasks, MRI images were also scanned in the resting state while the tones were presented in the same way. Comparing the images during each of the two tasks with images during the resting state, it was observed that several frontal motor areas, including the primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), supplementary motor area (SMA), and pre-SMA, were activated. However, preferential activation during the conditional motor task was observed only in the PMd and pre-SMA of the subjects' left (contralateral) frontal cortex. The PMd has been thought to play an important role in transforming conditional as well as spatial visual cues into corresponding motor responses, but our results suggest that the PMd along with the pre-SMA are the sites where more general and extensive sensorimotor integration takes place.

scholarly journals Effect of observation combined with motor imagery of a skilled hand-motor task on motor cortical excitability: Difference between novice and expert

2012 ◽  
Vol 518 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Tsukazaki ◽  
Kazumasa Uehara ◽  
Takuya Morishita ◽  
Masato Ninomiya ◽  
Kozo Funase
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Cortical
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