THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT VOLUMES OF COMPUTER LOAD ON THE LATENT PERIODS OF A SIMPLE SENSORIMOTOR REACTION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN

Background. The digitalization of education makes relevant monitoring studies for assessing the impact of computer technologies on the functional status of children, their cognitive ca-pabilities and somatic support (“adaptation cost”). Aim. The paper aims to study the impact of different computer load on sensorimotor reactivity in primary schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The data obtained in Moscow schools in 2006-2011 were analyzed. Surveys were carried out twice a year (October, March-April) in 66 different educational organizations. In total, the study included data on 4205 first-fourth year schoolchildren. To evaluate the reaction time (RT) of simple sensorimotor reactions to light (L) and acoustic (A) stimuli, the computer movement meter equipment (CMM, INTOX, St. Petersburg, Russia) was used. Also, the RTA / RTL ratio was used for analysis. Results. There is a correlation between RT (both RTL and RTA) and the general (lesson-related and extracurricular) volume of computer load. It was different depending on gender and the season, and was opposite for RTL and RTA. It was established that excessive computer load (exceeding hygienic standard requirements by 3 or more times) increased the seasonal variability of RTL in spring testing, principally in the third and fourthyear girls. However, under the influence of high computer loads, the RTA / RTL ratio also changes – seasonal varia-bility is formed as a decrease of this indicator in spring testing, principally in the third and fourth-year boys. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the ambiguity of the effect of high computer loads on sensorimotor reactivity. On the one hand, there are symptoms of fatigue in children during the academic year, which requires compensation through health promotion education. On the other hand, there is a formation of a new skill during the academic year. This period of skill formation is recommended for extension through the summer period.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT VOLUMES OF COMPUTER LOAD ON THE LATENT PERIODS OF A SIMPLE SENSORIMOTOR REACTION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN

Background. The digitalization of education makes relevant monitoring studies for assessing the impact of computer technologies on the functional status of children, their cognitive ca-pabilities and somatic support (“adaptation cost”). Aim. The paper aims to study the impact of different computer load on sensorimotor reactivity in primary schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The data obtained in Moscow schools in 2006-2011 were analyzed. Surveys were carried out twice a year (October, March-April) in 66 different educational organizations. In total, the study included data on 4205 first-fourth year schoolchildren. To evaluate the reaction time (RT) of simple sensorimotor reactions to light (L) and acoustic (A) stimuli, the computer movement meter equipment (CMM, INTOX, St. Petersburg, Russia) was used. Also, the RTA / RTL ratio was used for analysis. Results. There is a correlation between RT (both RTL and RTA) and the general (lesson-related and extracurricular) volume of computer load. It was different depending on gender and the season, and was opposite for RTL and RTA. It was established that excessive computer load (exceeding hygienic standard requirements by 3 or more times) increased the seasonal variability of RTL in spring testing, principally in the third and fourthyear girls. However, under the influence of high computer loads, the RTA / RTL ratio also changes – seasonal varia-bility is formed as a decrease of this indicator in spring testing, principally in the third and fourth-year boys. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the ambiguity of the effect of high computer loads on sensorimotor reactivity. On the one hand, there are symptoms of fatigue in children during the academic year, which requires compensation through health promotion education. On the other hand, there is a formation of a new skill during the academic year. This period of skill formation is recommended for extension through the summer period.

NEURYDYNAMIC FEATURES OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT DURATION OF VESTIBULAR ILLUSION

The article deals with neurodynamic features in persons with different duration of vestibular illusion of rotation. The review of the literature concludes that the time of arbitrary reactions is ensured by a high level of integrative activity of nerve formations. Also, data on the effect of rotation test on the indicators of vestibulo-sensory reactions of young fighters-all-rounders and on the sensorimotor reactivity and success of flight training are given. The study of sensorimotor reactions revealed that the longest latency periods were in the people with very long vestibular illusion against rotation. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded, that the features of neurodynamic processes in persons with long duration of vestibular illusion of rotation, in the conditions of excitement of the vestibular analyzer, occur to a greater extent by increasing the duration of motor reactions and increasing the time of the reflex response

High values of body mass index do not worsen the parameters of sensorimotor reactivity in adolescents 15-17 years

Проведен анализ связи латентных периодов простой сенсомоторной реакции на световой стимул (ЛПРC) и индекса массы тела (ИМТ) у подростков 15-17 лет. Распределение подростков на группы проведено в зависимости от их возраста (15, 16 и 17 лет), пола (юноши и девушки), а также величины ИМТ. В каждой половозрастной группе рассчитывали медиану и стандартное отклонение для ИМТ, средними считали величины от Me-1SD до Me+1SD, величины до (или равные) Me-1SD считали низким ИМТ, свыше (или равные) Me+1SD - высоким ИМТ. Показано, что во всех половозрастных группах подростки, различающиеся по величине ИМТ, реагируют на световой стимул с одинаковыми латентными периодами. При этом существуют гендерные различия по величине ЛРРС (юноши реагируют быстрее). В ряде случаев между ИМТ и ЛПРC выявлены корреляционные связи: у 16-летних девушек и 17-летних юношей выявлена отрицательная корреляционная связь ЛПРC с их ростом (более высокие подростки быстрее реагируют на стимул); у 16-летних юношей обнаружена отрицательная корреляция ЛПРC с массой тела и ИМТ (более крупные юноши быстрее реагируют на сигнал). Relations between the latent periods of the simple sensorimotor reaction to the light stimulus (LPRS) and the body mass index (BMI) in the adolescents aged 15-17 years were analyzed.The distribution of adolescents into groups was based on their age (15, 16 and 17 years), gender (boys and girls), and the value of BMI. In each sex-age group, the median and standard deviation for BMI were calculated, the mean values from Me-1SD to Me+1SD were interpreted as normal, the values up to (or equal to) Me-1SD were considered as low BMI, over (or equal) Me+1SD - as high BMI.It is shown that in all sex-age groups the adolescents, which differing in value of the body mass index react to a light stimulus with equal latency periods. However, there are gender differences in the latent periods of a simple sensorimotor reaction to a light stimulus (young men react more quickly).In a number of cases, correlation relationships have been revealed between BMI and LPRS: 16-year-old girls and 17-year-olds have negative correlation of LPRS with their growth (higher adolescents respond more quickly to stimulus); 16-year-olds have a negative correlation of LPRS with body weight and BMI (larger boys react more quickly to the signal).

The features of vegetative regulation of the heart rate in athletes with different levels of perception and processing of visual information

The study involved 32 children aged from 11-12 who were receiving training in sports schools in Sumy .The children were divided into three study groups with high, medium and low levels of sensorimotor reactivity, defined in terms of complex visual-motor response. The study methods were psychophysiological, cardiointervalography, mathematical and statistical. We found that the majority of individuals with a medium level of sensorimotor reactivity possessed vegetative tonus, characterized by background emphotony, while sympathicotonia was prevalent in the group of athletes with a high level of sensorimotor reactivity, in comparison with those with medium and low levels of sensorimotor reactivity. Vegetative imbalance that manifests via hypersympaticotonic reactivity occurred among athletes with high and medium levels of sensorimotor reactivity, which is the evidence of stress on the cardiovascular system, decline of adaptive capacity of the organism in the individuals investigated. Shorter latent periods of complex visual-motor responses (LP SR 1–3 and LP SR 2–3) were observed among athletes with hypersympaticotonic vegetative reactivity, compared to sportsmen with normal type of vegetative reactivity (P < 0.05). Analysis of indicators of heart rate variability revealed an increased activity of the sympathoadrenal system in athletes with a high level of sensorymotor response, which is confirmed by significantly lower values of SDNN and RMSSD in comparison with athletes with a low level of sensorymotor response. The activation of central regulation in athletes with a high level of sensorimotor responses also show significantly higher values IN and Amo, in comparison with athletes with a low level of sensorymotor response. The figures IN (47.7%), and Amo (45.3%) were those most effected by the level of sensorimotor reactivity. Less effected were figures of SDNN (43.1%), which reflects general heart rate variability and RMSSD (43.1%), which reflects high frequency components of heart rate. Analysis of change in dynamics of figures of heart rate variability provides evidence of higher activity of the sympathoadrenal system in athletes with a high level of sensorimotor reactivity, which facilitates increased stress on heart rhythm vegetative regulation mechanisms, accompanied by decline of parasympathetic influences of the vegetative nervous system.