scholarly journals An automated system repair framework with signal temporal logic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mert Ergurtuna ◽  
Beyazit Yalcinkaya ◽  
Ebru Aydin Gol
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Logic ◽  
Timed Automata ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Modeling Formalisms ◽  
Discrete Time Dynamical Systems

AbstractWe present an automated system repair framework for cyber-physical systems. The proposed framework consists of three main steps: (1) system simulation and fault detection to generate a labeled dataset, (2) identification of the repairable temporal properties leading to the faulty behavior and (3) repairing the system to avoid the occurrence of the cause identified in the second step. We express the cause as a past time signal temporal logic (ptSTL) formula and present an efficient monotonicity-based method to synthesize a ptSTL formula from a labeled dataset. Then, in the third step, we modify the faulty system by removing all behaviors that satisfy the ptSTL formula representing the cause of the fault. We apply the framework to two rich modeling formalisms: discrete-time dynamical systems and timed automata. For both of them, we define repairable formulae, the corresponding repair procedures, and illustrate them over case studies.

Synthesis of Monitoring Rules with STL

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050177
Author(s):  
Sertac Kagan Aydin ◽  
Ebru Aydin Gol
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temporal Logic ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Monitoring Algorithm

Online monitoring is essential to enhance the reliability for various systems including cyber-physical systems and Web services. During online monitoring, the system traces are checked against monitoring rules in real time to detect deviations from normal behaviors. In general, the rules are defined as boundary conditions by the experts of the monitored system. This work studies the problem of synthesizing online monitoring rules in the form of temporal logic formulas in an automated way. The monitoring rules are described as past-time signal temporal logic (ptSTL) formulas and an algorithm to synthesize such formulas from a given set of labeled system traces is proposed. The algorithm searches the formula space using genetic algorithms and produces the best formula representing a monitoring rule. In addition, online STL monitoring algorithm is improved to efficiently compute a quantitative valuation for piecewise-constant signals from ptSTL formulas, thus, to reduce the overhead of the real-time computation. The effectiveness of the results is shown on two illustrative examples inspired from online monitoring of Web services.

scholarly journals A spatio-temporal specification language and its completeness & decidability

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengfei Li ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Haiying Sun ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Lipeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Specification Language ◽  
Finite Model ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Specification

AbstractIn the past few years, significant progress has been made on spatio-temporal cyber-physical systems in achieving spatio-temporal properties on several long-standing tasks. With the broader specification of spatio-temporal properties on various applications, the concerns over their spatio-temporal logics have been raised in public, especially after the widely reported safety-critical systems involving self-driving cars, intelligent transportation system, image processing. In this paper, we present a spatio-temporal specification language, STSL PC, by combining Signal Temporal Logic (STL) with a spatial logic S4 u, to characterize spatio-temporal dynamic behaviors of cyber-physical systems. This language is highly expressive: it allows the description of quantitative signals, by expressing spatio-temporal traces over real valued signals in dense time, and Boolean signals, by constraining values of spatial objects across threshold predicates. STSL PC combines the power of temporal modalities and spatial operators, and enjoys important properties such as finite model property. We provide a Hilbert-style axiomatization for the proposed STSL PC and prove the soundness and completeness by the spatio-temporal extension of maximal consistent set and canonical model. Further, we demonstrate the decidability of STSL PC and analyze the complexity of STSL PC. Besides, we generalize STSL to the evolution of spatial objects over time, called STSL OC, and provide the proof of its axiomatization system and decidability.

scholarly journals ARCH-COMP 2019 Category Report: Falsification

10.29007/68dk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidon Ernst ◽  
Paolo Arcaini ◽  
Alexandre Donzé ◽  
Georgios Fainekos ◽  
Logan Mathesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Logic ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Friendly Competition ◽  
Initial Base

This report presents the results from the 2019 friendly competition in the ARCH workshop for the falsification of temporal logic specifications over Cyber-Physical Systems. We describe the organization of the competition and how it differs from previous years. We give background on the participating teams and tools and discuss the selected benchmarks and results. The benchmarks are available on the ARCH website1, as well as in the competition’s gitlab repository2. The main outcome of the 2019 competition is a common benchmark repository, and an initial base-line for falsification, with results from multiple tools, which will facilitate comparisons and tracking of the state-of-the-art in falsification in the future.

scholarly journals Deriving Specifications of Control Programs for Cyber Physical Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-790
Author(s):  
Alan Burns ◽  
Ian J Hayes ◽  
Cliff B Jones
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Physical Components

Abstract Cyber physical systems (CPS) exist in a physical environment and comprise both physical components and a control program. Physical components are inherently liable to failure and yet an overall CPS is required to operate safely, reliably and cost effectively. This paper proposes a framework for deriving the specification of the software control component of a CPS from an understanding of the behaviour required of the overall system in its physical environment. The two key elements of this framework are (i) an extension to the use of rely/guarantee conditions to allow specifications to be obtained systematically from requirements (as expressed in terms of the required behaviour in the environment) and nested assumptions (about the physical components of the CPS); and (ii) the use of time bands to record the temporal properties required of the CPS at a number of different granularities. The key contribution is in combining these ideas; using time bands overcomes a significant drawback in earlier work. The paper also addresses the means by which the reliability of a CPS can be addressed by challenging each rely condition in the derived specification and, where appropriate, improve robustness and/or define weaker guarantees that can be delivered with respect to the corresponding weaker rely conditions.

scholarly journals Industrial Temporal Logic Specifications for Falsification of Cyber-Physical Systems

10.29007/r74f ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lidén Eddeland ◽  
Alexandre Donzé ◽  
Sajed Miremadi ◽  
Knut Åkesson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Logic ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Requirement Models

In this benchmark proposal, we present a set of large specifications stated in Signal Temporal Logic (STL) intended for use in falsification of Cyber-Physical Systems. The main purpose of the benchmark is for tools that monitor STL specifications to be able to test their performance on complex specifications that have structure similar to industrial specifications. The benchmark itself is a Git repository which will therefore be updated over time, and new specifications can be added. At the time of submission, the repository contains a total of seven Simulink requirement models, resulting in 17 generated STL specifications.

scholarly journals ARCH-COMP 2020 Category Report: Falsification

10.29007/trr1 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidon Ernst ◽  
Paolo Arcaini ◽  
Ismail Bennani ◽  
Alexandre Donze ◽  
Georgios Fainekos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Logic ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Friendly Competition

This report presents the results from the 2020 friendly competition in the ARCH workshop for the falsification of temporal logic specifications over Cyber-Physical Systems. We briefly describe the competition settings, which have been inherited from the previous year, give background on the participating teams and tools and discuss the selected benchmarks. The benchmarks are available on the ARCH website1, as well as in the competition’s gitlab repository2. In comparison to 2019, we have two new participating tools with novel approaches, and the results show a clear improvement over previous performances on some benchmarks.

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