scholarly journals Recent Evolutionary History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype B: Reconstruction of Epidemic Onset Based on Sequence Distances to the Common Ancestor

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Lukashov ◽  
Jaap Goudsmit
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Recombination Confounds the Early Evolutionary History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Subtype G Is a Circulating Recombinant Form

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
pp. 8543-8551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. Abecasis ◽  
Philippe Lemey ◽  
Nicole Vidal ◽  
Túlio de Oliveira ◽  
Martine Peeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is classified in nine subtypes (A to D, F, G, H, J, and K), a number of subsubtypes, and several circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Due to the high level of genetic diversity within HIV-1 and to its worldwide distribution, this classification system is widely used in fields as diverse as vaccine development, evolution, epidemiology, viral fitness, and drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate how the high recombination rates of HIV-1 may confound the study of its evolutionary history and classification. Our data show that subtype G, currently classified as a pure subtype, has in fact a recombinant history, having evolved following recombination between subtypes A and J and a putative subtype G parent. In addition, we find no evidence for recombination within one of the lineages currently classified as a CRF, CRF02_AG. Our analysis indicates that CRF02_AG was the parent of the recombinant subtype G, rather than the two having the opposite evolutionary relationship, as is currently proposed. Our results imply that the current classification of HIV-1 subtypes and CRFs is an artifact of sampling history, rather than reflecting the evolutionary history of the virus. We suggest a reanalysis of all pure subtypes and CRFs in order to better understand how high rates of recombination have influenced HIV-1 evolutionary history.

Lower Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Brazilian Subtype B Found in Northeastern Brazil with Slower Progression to AIDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1249-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Fernando Araujo ◽  
Carlos Brites ◽  
Joana Monteiro-Cunha ◽  
Luciane Amorim Santos ◽  
Bernardo Galvao–Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Env length and N-linked glycosylation following transmission of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 subtype B viruses

Virology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 374 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Marcel E. Curlin ◽  
Kurt Diem ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Ananta K. Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Use of Coreceptors Other Than CCR5 by Non-Syncytium-Inducing Adult and Pediatric Isolates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Is Rare In Vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 9337-9344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-jun Zhang ◽  
Tatjana Dragic ◽  
Yunzhen Cao ◽  
Leondios Kostrikis ◽  
Douglas S. Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Infected Infant ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We have tested a panel of pediatric and adult human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary isolates for the ability to employ the following proteins as coreceptors during viral entry: CCR1, CCR2b, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR8, CXCR4, Bonzo, BOB, GPR1, V28, US28, and APJ. Most non-syncytium-inducing isolates could utilize only CCR5. All syncytium-inducing viruses used CXCR4, some also employed V28, and one (DH123) used CCR8 and APJ as well. A longitudinal series of HIV-1 subtype B isolates from an infected infant and its mother utilized Bonzo efficiently, as well as CCR5. The maternal isolates, which were syncytium inducing, also used CXCR4, CCR8, V28, and APJ.

scholarly journals Nucleotide and Amino Acid Polymorphisms at Drug Resistance Sites in Non-B-Subtype Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2993-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Turner ◽  
Bluma Brenner ◽  
Daniela Moisi ◽  
Mervi Detorio ◽  
Raymond Cesaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Silent Substitutions

ABSTRACT We have compared nucleotide substitutions and polymorphisms at codons known to confer drug resistance in subtype B strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with similar substitutions in viruses of other subtypes. Genotypic analysis was performed on viruses from untreated individuals. Nucleotide and amino acid diversity at resistance sites was compared with a consensus subtype B reference virus. Among patients with non-subtype B infections, polymorphisms relative to subtype B were observed at codon 10 in protease (PR). These included silent substitutions (CTC→CTT, CTA, TTA) and an amino acid mutation, L10I. Subtype A viruses possessed a V179I substitution in reverse transcriptase (RT). Subtype G viruses were identified by silent substitutions at codon 181 in RT (TAT→TAC). Similarly, subtype A/G viruses were identified by a substitution at position 67 in RT (GAC→GAT). Subtype C was distinguished by silent substitutions at codons 106 (GTA→GTG) and 219 (AAA→AAG) in RT and codon 48 (GGG→GGA) in PR. Variations relative to subtype B were seen at RT position 215 (ACC→ACT) for subtypes A and A/E. These substitutions and polymorphisms reflect different patterns of codon usage among viruses of different subtypes. However, the existence of different subtypes may only rarely affect patterns of drug resistance-associated mutations.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Diversity at Time of Infection Is Not Restricted to Certain Risk Groups or Specific HIV-1 Subtypes

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (13) ◽  
pp. 7279-7283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Sagar ◽  
Erin Kirkegaard ◽  
E. Michelle Long ◽  
Connie Celum ◽  
Susan Buchbinder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT African women frequently acquire several genetically distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants from a heterosexual partner, whereas the acquisition of multiple variants appears to be rare in men. To determine whether newly infected individuals in other risk groups acquire genetically diverse viruses, we examined the viral envelope sequences in plasma samples from 13 women and 4 men from the United States infected with subtype B viruses and 10 men from Kenya infected with non-subtype B viruses. HIV-1 envelope sequences differed by more than 2% in three U.S. women, one U.S. man, and one Kenyan man near the time of seroconversion. These findings suggest that early HIV-1 genetic diversity is not exclusive to women from Africa or to infection with any particular HIV-1 subtype.

scholarly journals Breadth of Neutralizing Antibody Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Is Affected by Factors Early in Infection but Does Not Influence Disease Progression

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (19) ◽  
pp. 10269-10274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Piantadosi ◽  
Dana Panteleeff ◽  
Catherine A. Blish ◽  
Jared M. Baeten ◽  
Walter Jaoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The determinants of a broad neutralizing antibody (NAb) response and its effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression are not well defined, partly because most prior studies of a broad NAb response were cross-sectional. We examined correlates of NAb response breadth among 70 HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naïve Kenyan women from a longitudinal seroincident cohort. NAb response breadth was measured 5 years after infection against five subtype A viruses and one subtype B virus. Greater NAb response breadth was associated with a higher viral load set point and greater HIV-1 env diversity early in infection. However, greater NAb response breadth was not associated with a delayed time to a CD4+ T-cell count of <200, antiretroviral therapy, or death. Thus, a broad NAb response results from a high level of antigenic stimulation early in infection, which likely accounts for prior observations that greater NAb response breadth is associated with a higher viral load later in infection.

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