State of the art molecular markers for fecal pollution source tracking in water

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1341-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Roslev ◽  
Annette S. Bukh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking

Application of enteric viruses for fecal pollution source tracking in environmental waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Wong ◽  
Theng-Theng Fong ◽  
Kyle Bibby ◽  
Marirosa Molina
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Environmental Waters

scholarly journals Synergistic Application of Molecular Markers and Community-Based Microbial Source Tracking Methods for Identification of Fecal Pollution in River Water During Dry and Wet Seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Liang ◽  
Zhisheng Yu ◽  
Bobo Wang ◽  
Fabrice Ndayisenga ◽  
Ruyin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Community Based

It is important to track fecal sources from humans and animals that negatively influence the water quality of rural rivers and human health. In this study, microbial source tracking (MST) methods using molecular markers and the community-based FEAST (fast expectation–maximization microbial source tracking) program were synergistically applied to distinguish the fecal contributions of multiple sources in a rural river located in Beijing, China. The performance of eight markers were evaluated using 133 fecal samples based on real-time quantitative (qPCR) technique. Among them, six markers, including universal (BacUni), human-associated (HF183-1 and BacH), swine-associated (Pig-2-Bac), ruminant-associated (Rum-2-Bac), and avian-associated (AV4143) markers, performed well in the study. A total of 96 water samples from the river and outfalls showed a coordinated composition of fecal pollution, which revealed that outfall water might be a potential input of the Fsq River. In the FEAST program, bacterial 16S rRNA genes of 58 fecal and 12 water samples were sequenced to build the “source” library and “sink,” respectively. The relative contribution (<4.01% of sequence reads) of each source (i.e., human, swine, bovine, or sheep) was calculated based on simultaneous screening of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of sources and sinks, which indicated that community-based MST methods could be promising tools for identifying fecal sources from a more comprehensive perspective. Results of the qPCR assays indicated that fecal contamination from human was dominant during dry weather and that fecal sources from swine and ruminant were more prevalent in samples during the wet season than in those during the dry season, which were consistent with the findings predicted by the FEAST program using a very small sample size. Information from the study could be valuable for the development of improved regulation policies to reduce the levels of fecal contamination in rural rivers.

Fecal pollution source tracking in waters intended for human supply based on archaeal and bacterial genetic markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayo Bianco ◽  
Camila Barreto ◽  
Samara Sant'Anna Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo Henriques Pinto ◽  
Rodolpho Mattos Albano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tropical Water ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Bacterial Genetic

The determination of fecal pollution sources in aquatic ecosystems is essential to estimate associated health risks. In this study, we evaluate eight microbial source tracking (MST) markers including host-specific Bacteroidales and Methanobrevibacter spp. for discrimination between human, bovine, equine, and swine fecal contamination in waters intended for human supply. Overall, the novel host-specific archaeal and bacterial primers proposed in this study demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. Markers for the Archaea domain were more prevalent in the fecal and water samples studied. We conclude that the investigations regarding the sources of fecal pollution in public water supplies can contribute to improve the quality of human health. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis using both archaeal and bacterial fecal MST markers on tropical water bodies of Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil.

scholarly journals Microbial source markers assessment in the Bogotá River basin (Colombia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Venegas ◽  
Hugo Diez ◽  
Anicet R. Blanch ◽  
Juan Jofre ◽  
Claudia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Source Markers ◽  
Bacteroides Strain ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

The microbiological indicators traditionally used to assess fecal contamination are insufficient to identify the source. The aim of this study was to detect microbial markers to identify the source of fecal pollution in the Bogotá River (Colombia). For this, we determined non-discriminating indicators such as Escherichia coli, somatic coliphages and phages infecting strain RYC2056 of Bacteroides, and potential source tracking markers as phages infecting strains GA17, HB13, and CA8 of Bacteroides, sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria, and molecular markers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifiodobacterium dentium, and Bacteroidetes in raw municipal wastewaters, slaughterhouse wastewaters, and the Bogotá River. Bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides strain GA17 and the molecular markers identified the wastewater sources. In contrast, sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria failed regarding specificity. In the Bogotá River, phages infecting strain GA17 were detected in all samples downstream of Bogotá, whereas they should be concentrated from 1 l samples in upstream samples containing less than 103E. coli/100 ml to be detected. In the river water, the fraction of positive detections of molecular markers was lower than that of phages infecting strain GA17. The ratio SOMCPH/GA17PH was shown also to be a good marker. These results provide information that will allow focusing measures for sanitation of the Bogotá River.

scholarly journals Molecular Indicators Used in the Development of Predictive Models for Microbial Source Tracking

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1789-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisenda Ballesté ◽  
Xavier Bonjoch ◽  
Lluís A. Belanche ◽  
Anicet R. Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Molecular Indicators

ABSTRACT A number of chemical, microbial, and eukaryotic indicators have been proposed as indicators of fecal pollution sources in water bodies. No single one of the indicators tested to date has been able to determine the source of fecal pollution in water. However, the combined use of different indicators has been demonstrated to be the best way of defining predictive models suitable for determining fecal pollution sources. Molecular methods are promising tools that could complement standard microbiological water analysis. In this study, the feasibility of some proposed molecular indicators for microbial source tracking (MST) was compared (names of markers are in parentheses): host-specific Bacteroidetes (HF134, HF183, CF128, and CF193), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (ADO), Bifidobacterium dentium (DEN), the gene esp of Enterococcus faecium, and host-specific mitochondrial DNA associated with humans, cattle, and pigs (Humito, Bomito, and Pomito, respectively). None of the individual molecular markers tested enabled 100% source identification. They should be combined with other markers to raise sensitivity and specificity and increase the number of sources that are identified. MST predictive models using only these molecular markers were developed. The models were evaluated by considering the lowest number of molecular indicators needed to obtain the highest rate of identification of fecal sources. The combined use of three molecular markers (ADO, Bomito, and Pomito) enabled correct identification of 75.7% of the samples, with differentiation between human, swine, bovine, and poultry sources. Discrimination between human and nonhuman fecal pollution was possible using two markers: ADO and Pomito (84.6% correct identification). The percentage of correct identification increased with the number of markers analyzed. The best predictive model for distinguishing human from nonhuman fecal sources was based on 5 molecular markers (HF134, ADO, DEN, Bomito, and Pomito) and provided 90.1% correct classification.

scholarly journals Method for Isolation of Bacteroides Bacteriophage Host Strains Suitable for Tracking Sources of Fecal Pollution in Water

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 5659-5662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Payan ◽  
James Ebdon ◽  
Huw Taylor ◽  
Christophe Gantzer ◽  
Jakob Ottoson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Host Strains

ABSTRACT Bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides are potentially a good tool for fecal source tracking, but different Bacteroides host strains are needed for different geographic areas. A feasible method for isolating Bacteroides host strains for phages present in human fecal material is described. Useful strains were identified for application in Spain and the United Kingdom. One strain, GA-17, identified as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, was tested in several locations in Europe with excellent performance in Southern Europe.

scholarly journals Identifying Host Sources of Fecal Pollution: Diversity of Escherichia coli in Confined Dairy and Swine Production Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 5992-5998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexun Lu ◽  
David Lapen ◽  
Andrew Scott ◽  
Angela Dang ◽  
Edward Topp
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Pcr ◽  
Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic

ABSTRACT Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR fingerprinting of Escherichia coli is one microbial source tracking approach for identifying the host source origin of fecal pollution in aquatic systems. The construction of robust known-source libraries is expensive and requires an informed sampling strategy. In many types of farming systems, waste is stored for several months before being released into the environment. In this study we analyzed, by means of repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus primers and comparative analysis using the Bionumerics software, collections of E. coli obtained from a dairy farm and from a swine farm, both of which stored their waste as a slurry in holding tanks. In all fecal samples, obtained from either barns or holding tanks, the diversity of the E. coli populations was underrepresented by collections of 500 isolates. In both the dairy and the swine farms, the diversity of the E. coli community was greater in the manure holding tank than in the barn, when they were sampled on the same date. In both farms, a comparison of stored manure samples collected several months apart suggested that the community composition changed substantially in terms of the detected number, absolute identity, and relative abundance of genotypes. Comparison of E. coli populations obtained from 10 different locations in either holding tank suggested that spatial variability in the E. coli community should be accounted for when sampling. Overall, the diversity in E. coli populations in manure slurry storage facilities is significant and likely is problematic with respect to library construction for microbial source tracking applications.

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