scholarly journals Behavioural correlations and aggression in praying mantids

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Fisher ◽  
Gregory I. Holwell ◽  
Tom A. R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Correlations

scholarly journals Rapid jamming avoidance in biosonar

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1610) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin H Gillam ◽  
Nachum Ulanovsky ◽  
Gary F McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Echolocation Call ◽  
Tadarida Brasiliensis ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Spectral Shifts ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Jamming Avoidance ◽  
Sonar Systems ◽  
Behavioural Correlations

The sonar systems of bats and dolphins are in many ways superior to man-made sonar and radar systems, and considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the signal-processing strategies underlying these capabilities. A major feature determining the efficiency of sonar systems is the sensitivity to noise and jamming signals. Previous studies indicated that echolocating bats may adjust their signal structure to avoid jamming (‘jamming avoidance response’; JAR). However, these studies relied on behavioural correlations and not controlled experiments. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence for JAR in bats. We presented bats ( Tadarida brasiliensis ) with ‘playback stimuli’ consisting of recorded echolocation calls at one of six frequencies. The bats exhibited a JAR by shifting their call frequency away from the presented playback frequency. When the approaching bats were challenged by an abrupt change in the playback stimulus, they responded by shifting their call frequencies upwards, away from the playback. Interestingly, even bats initially calling below the playback's frequency shifted their frequencies upwards, ‘jumping’ over the playback frequency. These spectral shifts in the bats' calls occurred often within less than 200 ms, in the first echolocation call emitted after the stimulus switch—suggesting that rapid jamming avoidance is important for the bat.

scholarly journals Behavioural correlations of the domestication syndrome are decoupled in modern dog breeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hansen Wheat ◽  
John L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Björn Rogell ◽  
Hans Temrin
Keyword(s):  
Domestication Syndrome ◽  
Behavioural Correlations

scholarly journals Population, sex and body size: determinants of behavioural variations and behavioural correlations among wild zebrafishDanio rerio

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 170978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamal Roy ◽  
Anuradha Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Population Level ◽  
General Activity ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Behavioural Correlations ◽  
Individual Body ◽  
Pressure State

This study (1) investigated variation among populations and the effects of sex and body size on boldness, activity and shoal-association tendency among wild zebrafish, and (2) tested for existence of correlations between behaviours, controlling for sex and body size. Individuals across four natural populations were tested for general activity in a novel situation, number of predator inspections undertaken and tendency to associate with a conspecific shoal in the presence of predators. Results showed a significant effect of population on boldness with a population from high-predation habitat being bolder than populations from low-predation habitats. Males showed significantly higher tendencies than females to associate with a conspecific shoal in the presence of predators. Further, a negative relationship was found between activity and boldness only within two low-predation populations. Individual body size had a strong effect on the activity–boldness relationship within the low-predation population from flowing water habitat. Smaller fish were bolder and less active while larger fish were more cautious and active. Overall, the results indicated that while population-level behavioural responses might be shaped by predation pressure, state-dependent factors could determine behavioural correlations among individuals within populations.

Cerebellar morphology and behavioural correlations of the vestibular function alterations in weightlessness

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 314-328
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kharlamova ◽  
Alexandra Proshchina ◽  
Victoria Gulimova ◽  
Yulia Krivova ◽  
Pavel Soldatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Behavioural Correlations

Positive relationship between risk-taking behaviour and aggression in subordinate but not dominant males of a Cuban poeciliid fish

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bertram ◽  
Connor Healy ◽  
Jessica Hogge ◽  
Zoe Kritikos ◽  
Jessica Pipitone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Mating Effort ◽  
Survival Selection ◽  
Poeciliid Fish ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioural Correlations

Studies of integrated phenotypes sometimes reveal correlations between mating effort, favoured by sexual selection, and risk-taking, favoured by survival selection. We used Girardinus metallicus to examine the relationship between rank order of mating effort and risk-taking. We measured risk-taking in a novel environment containing a predator. We then paired males, using aggression to assign dominant or subordinate status, and examined mating behaviour. Dominant males showed higher mating effort, but did not exhibit any relationship between risk-taking and mating effort. Subordinate males exhibited a cross-context correlation, as males were either more willing to take risks and aggressive or more hesitant to take risks and nonaggressive. Less risk-averse, aggressive subordinate males may gain fitness advantages in a more realistic dominance hierarchy, despite being outranked by the rival with which they were paired in our study. Results highlight intraspecific variation in behavioural correlations and the importance of social environment in shaping integrated phenotypes.

scholarly journals An explanatory framework for adaptive personality differences

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1560) ◽  
pp. 3959-3968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Wolf ◽  
Franz J. Weissing
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Equilibrium Dynamics ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Behavioural Types ◽  
Animal Personalities ◽  
Dependent Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Correlations

We develop a conceptual framework for the understanding of animal personalities in terms of adaptive evolution. We focus on two basic questions. First, why do behavioural types exhibit limited behavioural plasticity, that is, behavioural correlations both across contexts and over time? Second, how can multiple behavioural types coexist within a single population? We emphasize differences in ‘state’ among individuals in combination with state-dependent behaviour. Some states are inherently stable and individual differences in such states can explain stable differences in suites of behaviour if it is adaptive to make behaviour in various contexts dependent on such states. Behavioural stability and cross-context correlations in behaviour are more difficult to explain if individual states are potentially more variable. In such cases stable personalities can result from state-dependent behaviour if state and behaviour mutually reinforce each other by feedback mechanisms. We discuss various evolutionary mechanisms for the maintenance of variation (in states and/or behaviour), including frequency-dependent selection, spatial variation with incomplete matching between habitat and phenotype, bet-hedging in a temporally fluctuating environment, and non-equilibrium dynamics. Although state differences are important, we also discuss how social conventions and social signalling can give rise to adaptive personality differences in the absence of state differences.

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