scholarly journals Implementation of the Water Framework Directive: Lessons Learned and Future Perspectives for an Ecologically Meaningful Classification Based on Phytoplankton of the Status of Greek Lakes, Mediterranean Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Moustaka-Gouni ◽  
Ulrich Sommer ◽  
Athena Economou-Amilli ◽  
George B. Arhonditsis ◽  
Matina Katsiapi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Greek Lakes ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals Implementation of the Water Framework Directive: Lessons learned and future perspectives for an ecologically meaningful classification of the status of Greek lakes, Mediterranean region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Moustaka-Gouni ◽  
Ulrich Sommer ◽  
Athena Economou-Amilli ◽  
George B. Arhonditsis ◽  
Matina Katsiapi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Greek Lakes ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Boundaries

ABSTRACTThe enactment of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) initiated scientific efforts to develop reliable methods for comparing prevailing lake conditions against reference (or non-impaired) states, using the state of a set biological elements. Drawing a distinction between impaired and natural conditions can be a challenging exercise, as it stipulates the robust delineation of reference conditions along with the establishment of threshold values for key environmental variables used as proxies for the degree of system impairment. Another important aspect is to ensure that water quality assessment is comparable among the different Member States. In this context, the present paper offers a constructive critique of the practices followed during the WFD implementation in Greece by pinpointing methodological weaknesses and knowledge gaps that undermine our ability to classify the ecological status of Greek lakes. One of the pillars of WDF is a valid lake typology that sets ecological standards transcending geographic regions and national boundaries. The national typology of Greek lakes has failed to take into account essential components (e.g. surface area, altitude, salinity). WFD compliance assessments based on descriptions of phytoplankton communities are oversimplified and as such should be revisited. Exclusion of most chroococcal species from the analysis of cyanobacteria biovolume in Greek lakes and most reservoirs in the Mediterranean Geographical Intercalibration Group (Greece, Spain, Portugal and Cyprus) is not consistent with the distribution of those taxa in lakes. Similarly, the total biovolume reference values and the indices used in their classification schemes reflect misunderstandings of WFD core principles. This hampers the comparability of ecological status across Europe and leads to quality standards that are too relaxed to provide an efficient target especially for the protection and management of Greek/transboundary lakes such as Lake Megali Prespa, one of the oldest lakes in Europe.

Forest Management In Mongolia – A Review Of Challenges And Lessons Learned With Special Reference To Degradation And Deforestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar ◽  
Daniel Karthe ◽  
Hoduck Kang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Driven System ◽  
The Status

The natural conditions, climate change and socio-economic challenges related to the transformation from a socialistic society towards a market-driven system make the implementation of sustainable land management practices in Mongolia especially complicated. Forests play an important role in land management. In addition to providing resources and ecosystem functions, Mongolian forests protect against land degradation.We conducted a literature review of the status of forest management in Mongolia and lessons learned, with special consideration to halting deforestation and degradation. We grouped our review into seven challenges relevant to developing regionally adapted forest management systems that both safeguard forest health and consider socio-economic needs. In our review, we found that current forest management in Mongolia is not always sustainable, and that some practices lack scientific grounding. An overwhelming number of sources noticed a decrease in forest area and quality during the last decades, although afforestation initiatives are reported to have increased. We found that they have had, with few exceptions, only limited success. During our review, however, we found a number of case studies that presented or proposed promising approaches to (re-)establishing and managing forests. These studies are further supported by a body of literature that examines how forest administration, and local participation can be modified to better support sustainable forestry. Based on our review, we conclude that it is necessary to integrate capacity development and forest research into holistic initiatives. A special focus should be given to the linkages between vegetation cover and the hydrological regime.

Hurdles for implementation of constructed wetlands as Nature-based Solutions in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Andrés García Murcia ◽  
Fernando Jaramillo ◽  
Sofia Wikström
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Status ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
Background Context

<p>Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea has been one of the major environmental issues during the last century partly due to extensive land-use change, loss of natural retention systems, and insufficient management. European legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) attempts to guide the recovery of good ecological status from freshwater to the sea, and suggests wetlands as ecosystems that can potentially contribute to achieving this goal. Wetlands are considered remarkable Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for improving water quality by diminishing the nutrient loads. This study aims to set a background context of the WFD implementation in Sweden, determine the status of constructed wetlands, and evaluate the stakeholders’ perspectives to identify the main administrative hurdles of wetland implementation in Sweden. For this purpose, we conducted a narrative review, database analysis, and semi-structured interviews with members of the institutions involved in water management. Our results show that it is essential to find synergies among the WFD and other directives to expand cross-sectoral cooperation, implement adjustments on the funding scheme that includes restoration and maintenance of natural wetlands, and increase compensation periods and cost ceiling. Likewise, it is crucial to perform significant improvements in the monitoring system, including more frequent data collection, as well as exploring new strategies to capture landowners’ interest in the implementation of NbS, such as the Catchment Officers program. Finally, we suggest paludiculture as a promising farming practice to increase proprietors’ attention on novel market alternatives, and in turn, to provide benefits for climate, water, and biodiversity.</p><p><strong>Keywords </strong>Wetlands management · Water Framework Directive · Nature-based Solutions · Eutrophication · Semi-structured interviews · Sweden</p>

Unfinished Business

2018 ◽  
pp. 213-236
Author(s):  
Natalie G. Adams ◽  
James H. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Black Parents ◽  
Unfinished Business ◽  
Student Government ◽  
Informal Curriculum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Different Parts

This concluding chapter summarizes the lessons learned from studying the stories of school desegregation in Mississippi. In organizing the book with separate chapters on black parents, superintendents, principals, and teachers, this study hoped to capture the nuances of how school desegregation was accomplished, fought for, resisted, and doomed in differing ways in different parts of the state. The inclusion of the role of sports, band, the prom, cheerleading, and student government during the school desegregation process is a reminder that educational reformers cannot ignore the importance of the informal curriculum, the hidden curriculum, and the extracurricular of schools. Meanwhile, the chapters on protests and private schools illustrate two primary ways in which people responded to this monumental cultural change that threatened the status quo: they resisted in various ways through conventional methods of protest, and they formed a countermovement that sought to retain the tribalism to which they clung and around which their identities were built.

Lessons Learned and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-319
Author(s):  
Antonio Vittorino Gaddi ◽  
Michele Nichelatti ◽  
Enrico Cipolla
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Perspectives

Content Delivery Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-95
Author(s):  
Yannick Le Louédec ◽  
Gaëlle Yven ◽  
Valéry Bastide ◽  
Yiping Chen ◽  
Gwenaëlle Delsart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Content Delivery ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Web Performance ◽  
Content Delivery Networks ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Delivery Networks

This chapter provides an overview on the recent advances and perspectives on content delivery networks (CDNs). After a reminder on the definition and core features of CDNs, the first section highlights their importance with quantitative illustrations. The second section identifies the various types of CDNs which have been deployed to address different markets. The growth of the CDNs has been driven primarily by video streaming. Next to media content, CDNs have evolved to deliver always more demanding social networks and applications. Security solutions are now fully integrated into CDNs and marketed as flagship products. The third, fourth, and fifth sections outline the challenges and technical evolutions of the CDNs to keep up with their customers' hunger for media content, web performance, and security. The sixth section focuses on the convergence of CDNs and clouds. The seventh section reviews the status and perspectives of different approaches for using multiple CDNs. The last section presents the current positioning and future perspectives of the CDNs in the mobile domain.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery Systems on Leprosy Therapy: Moving Towards Eradication?

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Luíse L. Chaves ◽  
Yuri Patriota ◽  
José L. Soares-Sobrinho ◽  
Alexandre C. C. Vieira ◽  
Sofia A. Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
The Status

Leprosy disease remains an important public health issue as it is still endemic in several countries. Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, presents tropism for cells of the reticuloendothelial and peripheral nervous system. Current multidrug therapy consists of clofazimine, dapsone and rifampicin. Despite significant improvements in leprosy treatment, in most programs, successful completion of the therapy is still sub-optimal. Drug resistance has emerged in some countries. This review discusses the status of leprosy disease worldwide, providing information regarding infectious agents, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, actual treatment and future perspectives and strategies on targets for an efficient targeted delivery therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document