scholarly journals Predicting soil salinity in response to different irrigation practices, soil types and rainfall scenarios

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Isidoro ◽  
S. R. Grattan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Irrigation Practices

Improving Crop Production on Salt-affected Soils: by Breeding or Management?

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Irrigation Practices

SUMMARYThe area of salt-affected land is increasing because of irrigation practices and changed land use. Breeding crops that tolerate soil salinity and yield well in salt-affected soils, and employing crop management practices to counter salinity, have been proposed to maintain crop productivity. Here, it is argued that neither breeding nor management will adequately counter the effects of salinity. Although both offer the potential to maintain yields for a brief period, it is inevitable that salinity will continue to increase and crop productivity will decline. Only the establishment of a perennial vegetation that will maintain evapotranspiration at high levels all year round on both salt-affected land and recharge areas will halt the increase in salinization.Mejorar la producción en los suelos afectados por la sal

Improving the productivity of saline discharge areas: an assessment of the potential use of saltbush in the Murray-Darling Basin

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Barson ◽  
B Abraham ◽  
CV Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Potential Use

Results of field trials testing the growth of Atriplex species on saline soils in Western Australia have been used with the PLANTGRO model to predict the success of 6 Atriplex species on 6 salinised soil types at 6 localities in the Murray-Darling Basin. The model's predictions that the productivity of all species would be severely limited on cracking clay soils due to poor aeration were tested by examining data from field trials. It was concluded that saltbush production will be very poor on heavy clay soils. Field trial data suggest that these limitations will be exacerbated by the interaction of aeration and soil salinity factors at mean salinities (ECe) >10 dS/m, and the planting of Atriplex on these sites is not recommended. Better results are expected on some duplex and gradational soils where larger sand fractions in the A horizon improve soil aeration characteristics. However, the model predicts that productivity will, at best, be low to moderate at all the Murray-Darling Basin sites examined.

Effect of soil salinity on internal browning of potato tuber tissue in two soil types

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Kirk ◽  
A. B. da Rocha ◽  
S. I. Hollosy ◽  
R. Hammerschmidt ◽  
P. S. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Tuber Tissue ◽  
Potato Tuber Tissue ◽  
Internal Browning

A dynamic simulation approach to soil salinity and sodicity control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Can Tunca ◽  
Ali Kerem Saysel ◽  
Masoud Babaei ◽  
Günay Erpul
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Irrigation Practices

<p>Soil salinity and sodicity are twin problems potentially affecting soil fertility, farmers’ livelihoods and food security. Management and control of these problems, particularly on irrigated farmlands require knowledge and expertise crafted through appropriate models and experiments. The accumulation of salts on the soil profiles may occur through natural processes (of weathering of soil minerals, saline groundwater intrusion), as well as by human actions, that are mostly related to poor agricultural and irrigation practices. While accumulation of salt in soil water impedes crop evapotranspiration, sodicity (abundance of sodium cations among others) threatens the soil structure and degrades its hydraulic qualities. These problems are more pervasive in arid and semi-arid regions, where inadequate precipitation rates compared to evapotranspiration limit leaching of salts and facilitates their accumulation in productive topsoil. Therefore, irrigation and agricultural practices are crucial in controlling these problems to avoid their undesired consequences.<br>We build a dynamic simulation model of salinization and sodification in soil layers so as to test the impact of alternative irrigation practices with respect to water quality, quantity and schedule, on soil fertility and farm yields. The model is developed based on the system dynamics methodology, providing a feedback rich understanding of hydraulic, solute, and crop processes. While the hydraulic flow is the driver of solute transport, salinity and sodicity influences the hydraulic flows through their impact on evapotranspiration and hydraulic conductivity. The crop growth and its demand for evapotranspiration at various stages of development is modeled, considering available moisture and the accumulation of salts in the rootzone. Moreover, the model investigates farmers’ response to salinity and sodicity through adoption of different irrigation practices and crop choices, so as to observe the long-term development of the problem under the conditions of adaptive management.<br>The model has a generic theoretical structure that benefits from soil physics to formulate the complex processes of hydraulic flows and solute transport. Model parameter values are selected as representative of the field conditions of Konya Plain in Turkey, which is a semi-arid region partially experiencing soil salinization problems. As a part of the research project entitled, “Soil Salinity and Sodicity Management by Sustainable Irrigation Practices in Konya Plain”, the Interdisciplinary Multi-Institutional Network, during model validation phase, we will utilize data from the soil experiments that are conducted by our research partners. These data will include, however will not be limited to the experimentally characterized porosity and hydraulic conductivity curves. Ultimately, the model will provide an experimental platform to manage and control soil salinity and sodicity under different environmental conditions and farmer responses.<br><br><strong>Keywords</strong>: Soil Salinity, Soil Sodicity, System Dynamics, Irrigation, Agriculture<br><br><strong>Acknowledgement</strong>: This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [Project Number: TUBITAK-118Y343]<br> </p>

scholarly journals Soil Salinity between 1992 and 2000 in Hungary

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kovács ◽  
Tibor Tóth ◽  
P. Marth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Genetic Horizon ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Salinity Data ◽  
Soil Information

The statistical analysis of salinity data from samples collected yearly from genetic soil horizons of 69 points of the Hungarian Soil Information and Monitoring System between 1992 and 2000 showed changes in time. There is a strong atmospheric control over the groundwater level and the resulting soil salinity. Weak statistical association was established between either the pattern of yearly soil salinity changes in the second (10-20 cm) and third (30-40 cm) genetic horizon and the groundwater observation stations or the soil types. In the area of Kecskemét there was a tendency of decreasing soil salinity patterns, while around Békéscsaba a tendency of increasing soil salinity patterns, as illustrated by the correspondence biplot. Regarding soil types, the solonetzic meadow soil showed a tendency of increasing salinity. It was concluded that the statistical analyses of the monitored data must be carefully planned in order to provide the optimal background data as independent data from all those available to accompany the monitored soil data as dependent variable.

scholarly journals Salinity and Soil Type Effects on Emergence and Growth of Pepper Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Denise S. Rodriguez ◽  
Rosa Cabrera ◽  
John Jifon ◽  
Daniel Leskovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Saline Solutions

High soil salinity often results in poor stand establishment, reduced plant growth, and reduced yield of many horticultural crops such as peppers (Capsicum annuum). We investigated the effects of soil salinity and soil type on seedling emergence and growth of four commercial peppers (‘NuMex Joe E. Parker’, ‘NuMex Nematador’, ‘NuMex Primavera’, and ‘Jupiter’) in greenhouse experiments. Seeds were sown in either a loamy sand or a silt loam soil in pots and irrigated with saline solutions at electrical conductivity of 0.9 (tap water), 3.0, or 6.0 dS·m−1 (Expt. 1) or at 0.0 [reverse osmosis (RO) water], 0.9, or 1.5 dS·m−1 (Expt. 2). No seedling emergence was observed in treatments irrigated with 3.0 or 6.0 dS·m−1 solutions. The salinity at the top soil layer increased linearly with time when subirrigated with tap and saline solutions in both soil types, whereas no substantial increase in soil salinity was found when subirrigated with RO water or overhead irrigation with tap water. Salt accumulation at the top soil layer was greater in loamy sand than in silt loam. Seedling emergence percent subirrigated with RO water ranged from 70% to 80% in loamy sand and 45% to 70% in silt loam, depending on pepper cultivars. When subirrigated with tap water and saline solutions, the emergence percent ranged from 0% to 60%, depending on pepper and soil types. In Expt. 3, seedlings were germinated in commercial potting mix and grown in 1.8-L pots containing commercial potting mix. Saline solution treatments of 1.4 (control, nutrient solution), 2.1, 2.9, 3.5, or 4.2 dS·m−1 were initiated when seedlings had 11 to 13 leaves. Five weeks after initiating saline water irrigation, the reduction in shoot dry weight was greater in ‘Jupiter’ and ‘NuMex Primavera’ as compared with ‘NuMex Joe E. Parker’ and ‘NuMex Nematador’, but the differences were small.

Abrasive wear of polymer/steel gear drives

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Gábor Kalácska
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
General View ◽  
Modern Engineering ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Engineering Polymers ◽  
Plastic Gears

Research was performed on the friction, wear and efficiency of plastic gears made of modern engineering polymers and their composites both in a clean environment (adhesive sliding surfaces) and in an environment contaminated with solid particles and dust (abrasive), with no lubrication at all. The purpose is to give a general view about the results of abrasive wear tests including seven soil types as abrasive media. At the first stage of the research silicious sand was applied between the meshing gears and the wear of plastic and steel gears was evaluated and analyzed from the point of different material properties (elongation at break, hardness, yield stress, modulus of elasticity) and its combinations. The different correlations between the experienced wear and material features are also introduced. At the second stage of the project the abrasive sand was replaced with different physical soil types. The abrasive wear of gears is plotted in the function of soil types. The results highlight on the considerable role of physical soil types on abrasive wear resistance and the conclusions contain the detailed wear resistance. The results offer a new tribology database for the operation and maintenance of agricultural machines with the opportunity of a better material selection according to the dominant soil type. This can finally result longer lifetime and higher reliability of wearing plastic/steel parts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document