Water loss and canopy resistance to water flow from sunflower (Helianthus Annus L) in two different climatic environments

ABSTRACT. In the present paper water loss and variations in canopy resistance in sunflower during kharif and rabi have been analysed. Mean daily water loss of sunflower in rabi season is slightly less than that in kharif. The water loss falls considerably as the soil dries down. The soil water loss is found to be significantly correlated with moisture content in 0-45 cm depth soil profile. The canopy resistance is fairly low when the soil is wet but as soil dries. The resistance increases.

Climate Change Impacts on Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Plants

The biochemical, biological, and morphogenetic processes of plants are affected by ongoing climate change, causing alterations in crop development, growth, and productivity. Climate change is currently producing ecosystem modifications, making it essential to study plants with an improved adaptive capacity in the face of environmental modifications. This work examines the physiological and metabolic changes taking place during the development of sunflower plants due to environmental modifications resulting from climate change: elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and increased temperatures. Variations in growth, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as their effect on the plant’s oxidative state in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) plants, are studied. An understanding of the effect of these interacting factors (elevated CO2 and elevated temperatures) on plant development and stress response is imperative to understand the impact of climate change on plant productivity.

PENGARUH KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN DAN DOSIS PENAMBAHAN KOAGULAN ALAMI DARI SELULOSA KULIT BIJI BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annus L) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR TSS DAN TDS

Laundry merupakan suatu proses kompleks yang melibatkan interaksi antara beberapa faktor fisik dan kimiawi. Air limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses laundry mempunyai komposisi dan kandungan yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh waktu pengadukan dan dosis penambahan koagulan terhadap penurunan, TDS dan TSS pada limbah laundry. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil ekstrak selulosa kulit biji bunga matahari melalui proses ekstraksi menggunakan larutan asam nitrit yang selanjutnya dipanaskan di atas hot plate kemudian dicuci. Selanjutnya didelignifikasi dengan larutan NaOH kemudian dicuci lalu dilakukan pemutihan dengan NaOCl kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam oven sehingga diperoleh selulosa. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode jar tes, selanjutnya dianalisa kadar TDS dan TSS, serta suhu dan pH. yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukkan kadar TDS dan TSS pada sampel masing-masing mencapai 450 mg/l, dan 400 mg/l. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses flokulasi dan koagulasi dengan metode jar tes didapatkan hasil penurunan kadar TDS dengan koagulan selulosa kuit biji bunga matahari 387 mg/l (dosis 700 mg/l, 40 rpm). Dalam penurunan kadar TSS diperoleh 100 mg/l (dosis 700 mg/l, 40 rpm). Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh selulosa kulit biji bunga matahari mampu menurunkan kadar TDS dan TSS pada limbah laundry.

Qualidade do óleo bruto dos grãos de girassol durante o armazenamento

<p>O girassol (<em>Helianthus annus</em> L.) é uma das oleaginosas de maior importância na produção de óleo vegetal comestível, sendo seu uso comercial abrangente. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de nove meses de armazenamento, em diferentes embalagens, na qualidade do óleo extraído dos grãos de girassol. Os grãos foram armazenados em ambiente natural, em diferentes embalagens (plástico de propileno, embalagem de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), garrafa PET e papel multifoliado) em três amostras. Posteriormente, foi realizada a extração do óleo dos grãos de girassol e a rotaevaporação do reagente nas amostras e, dessa forma, a obtenção do óleo bruto. As análises realizadas para avaliação e determinação da qualidade foram: teor de óleo, índice de acidez, índice de peróxido e índice de iodo. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que as embalagens e o tempo de armazenamento não influenciaram no teor de óleo dos grãos de girassol. A embalagem PET proporcionou maior incremento no índice de acidez e para o índice de peróxido as embalagens PEAD e PET proporcionaram os maiores valores ao final do armazenamento.</p>

Influence of Foliage Applied Zinc on Growth and Yield of Hybrids Sunflower (Helianthus Annus L.)

The aim of study was to evaluate the influence of foliage applied zinc on growth, yield and oil contents of hybrid sunflower. Experimental treatments comprise of two sunflower hybrids viz. H1= Hysun-33 and H2= S-278 and three zinc levels viz. T1= Control (no application), T2=1% ZnSO4 and T3 = 2% ZnSO4. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement and repeated thrice. Data regarding growth, yield and oil contents was collected by using standard procedures. Results revealed that sunflower hybrid Hysun-33 gained maximum plant height (210.67cm), stem diameter (2.427), Head diameter (15.533) achene number (852), achene yield (189.19 t ha-1), leaf area (789.56cm2) and oil contents (40.423%) followed by sunflower hybrid S-278. Zinc application significantly improved the yield and oil contents. In this regard, maximum plant height (194.67 cm), stem diameter (2.718cm), head diameter (14.633 cm), achene number (842.17), achene yield (194.56 t ha-1), leaf area (782.5cm2) and oil contents (40.12%) from 2% foliar application of zinc followed by 1% foliar application of zinc. Whereas, minimum plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, achene number, achene yield, leaf area and oil contents were recorded from control where no zinc was applied. Interaction of sunflower hybrids with zinc was also significant. In this contest, maximum plant height (231.67cm), stem diameter (2.917cm), head diameter (15.7cm), achene number (925.0), achene yield (205.89 t ha-1), leaf area (801.33cm2) and oil contents (41.65%) were recorded from sunflower hybrid hysun-33 with 2% application of zinc followed by sunflower hybrid S-278 with 1% zinc foliar application. In Conclusion, sunflower hybrid along with the 2% foliar application of zinc is most suitable combination to achieve higher yield and oil contents.

A utilização da síntese verde para obtenção de nanopartículas de prata a partir de extratos de girassol (Helianthus annuus)

A síntese de nanopartículas de prata vem despertando atenção, devido às suas propriedades e aplicações em vários campos da ciência. Essas nanopartículas podem ser produzidas por diferentes métodos utilizando a síntese verde (green synthesis). O que resulta na minimização do custo de produção das nanopartículas. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo sintetizar nanopartículas de prata (AgNPs) estabilizada em extratos de girassol (Helianthus annus). A produção da nanopartícula foi realizada em agitação sobre uma chapa magnética aquecida até a configuração total da nanoparticula, ao final foi utilizado o extrato vegetal para a estabilização da mesma. As mesmas foram caracterizadas através do UV-VIS. A analise antimicrobiana das nanoparticulas foi feita em placa de petri com a medição do tamanho do halo inibitório formado. Obteve-se AgNPs a dimensão nos espectros de UV-vis em torno de 20 nanometros. Verificou-se através dos picos de absorção que variou - 414 nm a 422 nm (λmax 422 nm) que o extrato de Helianthus annuus foi capaz de estabilizar com efeito de formação de halo sobre as linhagens de S. aureus (16 mm), E. coli (12 mm) e P. aeruginosa (10 mm), enquanto as AgNPs que não foram estabilizadas com o girassol não apresentaram o halo inibitório. Através desta pesquisa foi possível comprovar que a síntese verde (SV), apesar ser um novo produto nanotecnológico com bases sustentáveis é uma excelente alternativa com uma alta reprodutibilidade e está de acordo com os princípios da química verde, apresentando-se como uma alternativa de baixo custo, eco-amigável e biocompatível na síntese de AgNPs. Além de servir como subsidio para pesquisas posteriores.

Avaliação da qualidade oleoquímica das sementes de gergelim (Sesamum indicum) e girassol (Helianthus annus)

Vegetable oils are extremely important for the human organism, being considered a source of energy and of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K), and fundamental in promoting the taste of food. Sunflower oil is obtained from the seed of the plant Helianthus annuus L., of the Compositae family, standing out for being the fourth oilseed in grain production and the fifth in cultivated area in the world. Another valuable seed used for oil extraction is sesame (Sesamum indicum, L.), which belongs to the Pedaliaceae family. Due to the quality and characteristics of some vegetable oils, which may change after long periods of storage, thus giving relevance to studies on the determination of these changes. From this, this work had the objective of evaluating the quality of the sesame and sunflower oil, commercial and cold extracted, to obtain more information about the alterations occurred during the storage period and its oxidative potential. The oleochemical analyzes were performed using the variables related to the iodine, peroxide, acidity and % free fatty acids (FFA) indices, where the analyzes were performed in triplicates. As a result, the commercialized sesame and sunflower oils showed values ​​above the limits recommended by the RDC No. 270, of September 22, 2005, in relation to the cold extracting sesame and sunflower oleochemical indexes presented adequate values. The contribution of the work developed shows that oils after extraction, industrial processing and depending on storage conditions can present vulnerability and compromise their quality.